B2Выше среднего
Работа и карьера 93Учить
accountability
подотчётность, ответственность
The new system brings more accountability to every department.
acquisition
приобретение, поглощение (компании)
The acquisition of the start-up cost the bank over two million euros.
merger
слияние (компаний)
After the merger, several offices were closed.
stakeholder
заинтересованная сторона
We need to consult all the stakeholders before we change the plan.
shareholder
акционер
The shareholders voted against the proposed bonus scheme.
workforce
рабочая сила, персонал
Almost half of the workforce now works from home at least twice a week.
outsource
передавать на аутсорсинг
The company decided to outsource its customer support.
appraisal
аттестация, оценка (работы сотрудника)
My annual appraisal is next week, and I’m a bit nervous.
performance review
оценка эффективности работы
During the performance review we discussed my goals for next year.
redundancy
сокращение (штата)
Twenty people were offered voluntary redundancy.
dismiss
увольнять; отвергать
He was dismissed for repeatedly ignoring safety rules.
resignation
заявление об уходе, отставка
He handed in his resignation on Monday morning.
notice period
срок уведомления об увольнении
My contract has a notice period of one month.
probation
испытательный срок
New employees are on probation for the first three months.
headhunter
хедхантер, рекрутер
A headhunter contacted me about a position in Berlin.
recruitment
наём, подбор персонала
Recruitment has become harder since the market got so competitive.
onboarding
адаптация новых сотрудников
Our onboarding includes a week of training and a personal mentor.
entrepreneur
предприниматель
As a young entrepreneur, he took a lot of risks.
venture
предприятие, рискованное дело
Their first business venture failed, but the second one was a success.
revenue
доход, выручка
Online sales now account for most of our revenue.
turnover
оборот; текучесть кадров
High staff turnover is costing the company a fortune.
overheads
накладные расходы
Working remotely helped us cut our overheads.
profit margin
норма прибыли
Profit margins in the restaurant business are often very thin.
market share
доля рынка
The brand has lost market share to cheaper competitors.
supply chain
цепочка поставок
The storm disrupted the whole supply chain.
procurement
закупки
All orders over a thousand euros must go through procurement.
negotiation
переговоры
After weeks of negotiation, the two sides finally signed the deal.
leverage
рычаг влияния; использовать (преимущество)
We can leverage our experience to enter new markets.
incentive
стимул
The company offers financial incentives to staff who cycle to work.
benchmark
ориентир, эталон
These results will serve as a benchmark for future projects.
milestone
важный этап, веха
Reaching a million users was a major milestone for the app.
deliverable
результат работы (по плану)
The main deliverable for this month is a working prototype.
briefing
брифинг, инструктаж
The team gets a short briefing before every shift.
minutes
протокол (совещания)
Could you take the minutes at today’s meeting?
chair a meeting
председательствовать на собрании
The director will chair the meeting on Friday.
brainstorm
проводить мозговой штурм
Let’s brainstorm some names for the new product.
consensus
консенсус, согласие
The team finally reached a consensus on the budget.
liaise
координировать, поддерживать связь
Part of my job is to liaise with our partners abroad.
oversee
контролировать, руководить
She oversees a team of fifteen engineers.
supervise
наблюдать за работой, руководить
Students are supervised by an experienced researcher.
implement
внедрять, осуществлять
The new policy will be implemented next year.
streamline
упрощать, оптимизировать
We need to streamline the approval process.
prioritise
расставлять приоритеты
When everything is urgent, you have to learn to prioritise.
allocate
распределять, выделять
Most of the budget was allocated to marketing.
expenditure
расходы
Public expenditure on education has risen.
clause
пункт (договора)
There is a clause in the contract that forbids working for competitors.
terms and conditions
условия (договора)
Nobody reads the terms and conditions before clicking accept.
compliance
соблюдение (правил, требований)
The bank was fined for poor compliance with data rules.
liability
ответственность (юридическая); обуза
The company denied any liability for the accident.
franchise
франшиза
He bought a coffee shop franchise with his savings.
subsidiary
дочерняя компания
The firm has subsidiaries in five European countries.
corporate
корпоративный
She left her corporate job to become a teacher.
enterprise
предприятие
The programme supports small and medium-sized enterprises.
executive
руководитель; исполнительный
Several senior executives attended the conference.
board of directors
совет директоров
The board of directors approved the merger.
line manager
непосредственный руководитель
Talk to your line manager before booking any leave.
subordinate
подчинённый
A good boss treats subordinates with respect.
counterpart
коллега (с другой стороны), аналог
Our finance minister met his German counterpart in Brussels.
credentials
квалификация, документы
Her academic credentials are impressive.
expertise
экспертные знания, опыт
We need someone with expertise in tax law.
competence
компетентность
Nobody questions his competence as an engineer.
skill set
набор навыков
Your skill set is exactly what this role requires.
track record
послужной список, опыт
The agency has a proven track record in finding talent.
burnout
выгорание
Long hours without breaks often lead to burnout.
perk
льгота, бонус
Free lunches are one of the perks of working here.
get the sack
быть уволенным (разг.)
If you keep coming in late, you’ll get the sack.
climb the career ladder
подниматься по карьерной лестнице
He climbed the career ladder quickly and became a director at thirty.
call it a day
закончить на сегодня
We’ve done enough for now, so let’s call it a day.
think outside the box
мыслить нестандартно
To solve this problem, we’ll have to think outside the box.
back to the drawing board
начать всё сначала
The client rejected our design, so it’s back to the drawing board.
touch base
связаться, сверить позиции
Let’s touch base next week to see how things are going.
get the ball rolling
запустить процесс
I’ll get the ball rolling by sending everyone the first draft.
cut corners
халтурить, экономить на качестве
If we cut corners on safety, someone could get hurt.
the bottom line
суть, итог
The bottom line is that we can’t afford a new office this year.
hands-on
практический, с личным участием
She has a very hands-on approach to management.
break even
выйти на безубыточность
The café expects to break even in its second year.
scale up
масштабировать
Once the product works, we’ll scale up production.
prospects
перспективы
The job offers good career prospects.
initiative
инициатива
She took the initiative and organised the training herself.
asset
актив; преимущество, ценность
Her language skills are a real asset to the team.
productivity
производительность
Shorter meetings have improved our productivity.
efficiency
эффективность
The new software has increased efficiency by twenty percent.
output
выпуск, продукция, выработка
The factory’s output fell during the summer.
reshuffle
перестановка (кадров)
There was a management reshuffle after the poor results.
headcount
численность персонала
The company plans to reduce its headcount by ten percent.
shortlist
шорт-лист; включать в короткий список
Five candidates have been shortlisted for the job.
step down
уйти с поста, уйти в отставку
The CEO stepped down after the scandal.
draw up
составлять (документ)
Our lawyer will draw up a new contract.
follow up
принять последующие меры, напомнить
I’ll follow up with an email after the meeting.
run something by someone
согласовать что-то с кем-то
Can I run a few ideas by you before the presentation?
go the extra mile
приложить дополнительные усилия
Our staff always go the extra mile for customers.
on the same page
одинаково понимать (ситуацию)
Let’s make sure we’re all on the same page before the client call.
pull your weight
выполнять свою часть работы
Everyone in the team needs to pull their weight.
Деньги 52Учить
recession
рецессия, экономический спад
Many small businesses closed during the recession.
downturn
спад
The tourism industry suffered a sharp downturn.
boom
бум, подъём
The property boom made some people very rich.
creditor
кредитор
The company could not pay its creditors.
debtor
должник
The bank is trying to recover money from its debtors.
bankrupt
банкрот; обанкротившийся
The airline went bankrupt after years of losses.
bankruptcy
банкротство
The firm filed for bankruptcy in March.
investor
инвестор
Foreign investors are showing interest in the region.
portfolio
портфель (инвестиционный); портфолио
It’s wise to have a diverse investment portfolio.
dividend
дивиденд
Shareholders will receive a dividend at the end of the year.
share price
цена акции
The company’s share price doubled in a year.
fiscal
фискальный, бюджетный
The government announced new fiscal measures.
taxpayer
налогоплательщик
The new stadium was built with taxpayers’ money.
tax return
налоговая декларация
I always leave my tax return until the last minute.
tax evasion
уклонение от уплаты налогов
The businessman was arrested for tax evasion.
deduction
вычет, удержание; вывод
After all the deductions, my salary isn’t that high.
allowance
пособие, надбавка; норма
The baggage allowance on this flight is twenty kilos.
credit rating
кредитный рейтинг
Missing payments can damage your credit rating.
collateral
залог (по кредиту)
They used their house as collateral for the loan.
in the red
в минусе
Our account has been in the red since the holiday.
in the black
в плюсе, прибыльный
After two difficult years, the shop is finally in the black.
tighten your belt
затянуть пояс
We’ll have to tighten our belts until I find a new job.
cost an arm and a leg
стоить целое состояние
Fixing the car will cost an arm and a leg.
break the bank
разорить, стоить слишком дорого
A weekend in the mountains won’t break the bank.
strapped for cash
без денег, на мели
I’m a bit strapped for cash this month.
affluent
состоятельный
They live in an affluent suburb outside the city.
well-off
обеспеченный
Her parents are quite well-off.
hard up
на мели, без денег
As students, we were always hard up.
frugal
бережливый, скромный
My grandparents lived a frugal life and never wasted anything.
lucrative
прибыльный, доходный
He left teaching for a more lucrative career in finance.
cost-effective
экономически выгодный
Buying in bulk is more cost-effective.
subsidy
субсидия, дотация
Farmers receive subsidies from the government.
grant
грант, субсидия; предоставлять
She received a research grant to study in Canada.
funding
финансирование
The project was cancelled due to a lack of funding.
fundraising
сбор средств
The school organised a fundraising event for the new library.
crowdfunding
краудфандинг
They raised the money for their film through crowdfunding.
valuation
оценка (стоимости)
The start-up has a valuation of fifty million dollars.
depreciation
обесценивание, амортизация
A new car suffers rapid depreciation in its first year.
austerity
режим жёсткой экономии
Years of austerity have hit public services hard.
bailout
финансовая помощь (для спасения)
The government approved a bailout for the struggling bank.
shortfall
нехватка, дефицит (средств)
There is a shortfall of two million in this year’s budget.
surplus
излишек, профицит
The country had a trade surplus last year.
deficit
дефицит
The government wants to reduce the budget deficit.
payroll
платёжная ведомость, фонд зарплаты
The company has over five hundred people on its payroll.
cash flow
денежный поток
Late payments from clients caused cash flow problems.
audit
аудит, проверка
The annual audit found several errors in the accounts.
embezzlement
растрата, хищение
The manager was charged with embezzlement.
money laundering
отмывание денег
Banks must report any signs of money laundering.
counterfeit
поддельный, фальшивый
Police found thousands of counterfeit banknotes.
daylight robbery
настоящий грабёж (о цене)
Forty euros for parking? That’s daylight robbery.
nest egg
сбережения на чёрный день
They have a nice little nest egg for their retirement.
pay off
окупиться; выплатить (долг)
All that hard work finally paid off.
Общество и новости 99Учить
legislation
законодательство
New legislation will protect workers who report fraud.
amendment
поправка
Parliament approved an amendment to the law.
referendum
референдум
The country will hold a referendum on the issue.
constituency
избирательный округ
She represents a rural constituency in the north.
ballot
бюллетень; голосование
Voters put their ballots into a sealed box.
turnout
явка (избирателей)
Turnout was lower than in the last election.
coalition
коалиция
The two parties formed a coalition government.
sovereignty
суверенитет
The treaty respects the sovereignty of every member state.
diplomacy
дипломатия
The crisis was solved through diplomacy rather than force.
ambassador
посол
The ambassador was called back for consultations.
sanctions
санкции
New sanctions were imposed on the regime.
treaty
договор (международный)
Both countries signed a peace treaty.
ceasefire
прекращение огня
The ceasefire was broken within hours.
asylum
убежище (политическое)
He applied for asylum after fleeing his country.
deportation
депортация
The court stopped his deportation at the last moment.
prejudice
предубеждение
Many immigrants still face prejudice at work.
diversity
разнообразие
The city is proud of its cultural diversity.
inclusion
инклюзия, вовлечение
The school promotes the inclusion of children with disabilities.
welfare
социальное обеспечение, благополучие
The government is planning to cut welfare spending.
homelessness
бездомность
The charity works to reduce homelessness in the city.
bribery
взяточничество
Two officials were accused of bribery.
fraud
мошенничество
Online fraud is increasing every year.
allegation
обвинение (неподтверждённое)
He denies all the allegations against him.
alleged
предполагаемый
The alleged thief was arrested at the airport.
defendant
подсудимый, ответчик
The defendant pleaded not guilty.
plaintiff
истец
The plaintiff is asking for compensation.
prosecution
обвинение (сторона); уголовное преследование
The prosecution presented new evidence.
prosecutor
прокурор
The prosecutor asked for a five-year sentence.
verdict
приговор, вердикт
The jury reached a verdict after two days.
acquit
оправдать
She was acquitted of all charges.
convict
осудить; осуждённый
He was convicted of fraud and sent to prison.
testimony
показания
Her testimony helped convict the gang.
lawsuit
судебный иск
The customers filed a lawsuit against the company.
sue
подать в суд
She sued the hospital for negligence.
appeal
апелляция; обращаться с призывом
His lawyers have lodged an appeal against the decision.
jury
присяжные
The jury found him guilty.
enforce
обеспечивать соблюдение (закона)
The police are struggling to enforce the new speed limits.
law enforcement
правоохранительные органы
Law enforcement agencies are working together on the case.
regulation
регулирование; правило
Stricter regulations on pollution come into force next year.
red tape
бюрократия, волокита
Starting a business here involves a lot of red tape.
the authorities
власти
The authorities have closed the road until further notice.
municipality
муниципалитет
The municipality is responsible for waste collection.
local council
местный совет
The local council has approved plans for a new park.
public sector
государственный сектор
Public sector workers are demanding higher wages.
grassroots
низовой, народный
The campaign began as a grassroots movement.
activist
активист
Environmental activists blocked the road.
lobby
лоббировать; лобби
Car manufacturers lobbied against the new rules.
propaganda
пропаганда
The film was pure propaganda.
censorship
цензура
Journalists protested against censorship.
freedom of speech
свобода слова
Freedom of speech is protected by the constitution.
controversy
спор, полемика
The decision caused a lot of controversy.
controversial
спорный, вызывающий споры
Nuclear power remains a controversial issue.
regime
режим
The regime has been in power for thirty years.
dictatorship
диктатура
The country was a dictatorship until 1990.
authoritarian
авторитарный
Critics describe the government as increasingly authoritarian.
uprising
восстание
The uprising was quickly crushed by the army.
civil war
гражданская война
The civil war lasted for over a decade.
reconstruction
восстановление, реконструкция
The reconstruction of the bridge will take two years.
casualties
жертвы, потери
There were no casualties in the explosion.
hostage
заложник
The hostages were released after a week.
national security
национальная безопасность
The documents were kept secret for reasons of national security.
intelligence
разведка; интеллект
According to intelligence reports, the attack was planned months ago.
surveillance
слежка, наблюдение
The suspect was under surveillance for weeks.
crime rate
уровень преступности
The crime rate in the area has fallen.
offender
правонарушитель
Young offenders are given a second chance.
rehabilitation
реабилитация
The prison focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
burglary
кража со взломом
There has been a rise in burglaries in our street.
custody
заключение под стражу; опека
The suspect is being held in custody.
bail
залог (судебный)
He was released on bail.
public opinion
общественное мнение
Public opinion has turned against the plan.
opinion poll
опрос общественного мнения
The latest opinion poll shows the two parties neck and neck.
census
перепись населения
The census is carried out every ten years.
demographic
демографический; группа населения
Young voters are an important demographic.
ageing population
старение населения
An ageing population puts pressure on health services.
urbanisation
урбанизация
Rapid urbanisation has created huge housing problems.
globalisation
глобализация
Globalisation has changed the way we work.
infrastructure
инфраструктура
The region needs serious investment in infrastructure.
social mobility
социальная мобильность
Good schools are key to social mobility.
working class
рабочий класс
He grew up in a working-class family.
elite
элита; элитный
Critics say the reforms only benefit the elite.
marginalised
маргинализированный
The project helps marginalised communities find work.
non-profit
некоммерческий
She works for a non-profit organisation.
civil society
гражданское общество
A strong civil society keeps governments accountable.
mandate
мандат, полномочия
The new president has a clear mandate for change.
veto
вето; накладывать вето
The president vetoed the bill.
impeachment
импичмент
The scandal led to calls for impeachment.
summit
саммит; вершина
World leaders will meet at the summit in Geneva.
alliance
альянс, союз
The two countries formed a military alliance.
ally
союзник
The country is one of our closest allies.
polarisation
поляризация
Social media has increased political polarisation.
populism
популизм
Economic crises often fuel populism.
ideology
идеология
The party has moved away from its original ideology.
left-wing
левый (в политике)
She writes for a left-wing newspaper.
right-wing
правый (в политике)
Right-wing parties did well in the election.
landslide victory
убедительная победа
The party won a landslide victory.
head of state
глава государства
The king is the head of state, but he has little real power.
in power
у власти
The same party has been in power for twelve years.
come into force
вступать в силу
The new law comes into force in January.
the rule of law
верховенство закона
Independent courts are essential for the rule of law.
Технологии и медиа 52Учить
algorithm
алгоритм
The algorithm decides which posts you see first.
machine learning
машинное обучение
The bank uses machine learning to detect unusual payments.
automation
автоматизация
Automation could replace many routine jobs.
cybersecurity
кибербезопасность
The company has invested heavily in cybersecurity.
data breach
утечка данных
The data breach exposed the details of a million customers.
encryption
шифрование
The app uses end-to-end encryption, so nobody else can read your messages.
two-factor authentication
двухфакторная аутентификация
Turn on two-factor authentication to protect your account.
malware
вредоносное программное обеспечение
The email contained malware that infected the whole network.
phishing
фишинг
Never click on links in phishing emails that ask for your password.
bandwidth
пропускная способность; ресурс (силы, время)
I’d love to help, but I don’t have the bandwidth this week.
cloud storage
облачное хранилище
All my photos are backed up to cloud storage.
interface
интерфейс
The new interface is much easier to use.
user-friendly
удобный для пользователя
The website isn’t very user-friendly.
glitch
сбой, техническая неполадка
A small glitch delayed the launch by an hour.
troubleshoot
искать и устранять неполадки
The IT team spent all morning troubleshooting the network.
obsolete
устаревший
This technology will be obsolete in a few years.
cutting-edge
передовой, новейший
The lab uses cutting-edge equipment.
breakthrough
прорыв
Scientists have made a breakthrough in battery technology.
innovation
инновация, нововведение
The company is known for constant innovation.
prototype
прототип
We tested the prototype with a small group of users.
wearable
носимое устройство; носимый
Wearables can track your heart rate and sleep.
virtual reality
виртуальная реальность
Virtual reality is used to train surgeons.
streaming
стриминг, потоковая передача
Streaming services have changed how we watch films.
clickbait
кликбейт
That headline is pure clickbait; the article says nothing new.
misinformation
дезинформация, ложная информация
Misinformation spreads faster than the truth.
fact-check
проверять факты
Journalists should fact-check every claim before publishing.
echo chamber
эхо-камера, информационный пузырь
Social media can trap us in an echo chamber of similar opinions.
media coverage
освещение в СМИ
The protest received a lot of media coverage.
editorial
редакционная статья; редакционный
The newspaper’s editorial criticised the government.
columnist
обозреватель, колумнист
She is a columnist for a national newspaper.
correspondent
корреспондент
Our foreign correspondent reports from Kyiv.
broadcaster
телерадиокомпания, вещатель
The national broadcaster will show the match live.
press release
пресс-релиз
The company issued a press release about the new product.
circulation
тираж; обращение, циркуляция
The magazine has a circulation of two hundred thousand.
bias
предвзятость
Some viewers accuse the channel of political bias.
whistleblower
информатор, разоблачитель
The whistleblower revealed how the company hid its losses.
paywall
платный доступ (к контенту)
Most of their articles are now behind a paywall.
digital literacy
цифровая грамотность
Digital literacy should be taught in every school.
tech-savvy
технически подкованный
My grandmother is surprisingly tech-savvy.
early adopter
ранний пользователь (новинок)
Early adopters often pay more for new gadgets.
open-source
с открытым исходным кодом
The software is open-source, so anyone can improve it.
scroll through
листать, прокручивать
I scrolled through hundreds of photos to find that one.
troll
тролль; троллить
Don’t feed the trolls; just ignore their comments.
cyberbullying
кибербуллинг
Schools are taking cyberbullying more seriously.
content creator
автор контента
He gave up his job to become a full-time content creator.
monetise
монетизировать
It’s hard to monetise a small channel.
engagement
вовлечённость (аудитории)
Short videos get much higher engagement than long posts.
target audience
целевая аудитория
Our target audience is people aged twenty to thirty-five.
sponsored
спонсорский, рекламный
Sponsored posts must be clearly labelled.
in the public eye
на виду у публики
Being in the public eye can be exhausting.
hit the headlines
попасть в заголовки
The scandal hit the headlines last week.
off the record
неофициально, не для прессы
The official told us, off the record, that the plan would fail.
Природа и погода 54Учить
fossil fuels
ископаемое топливо
We need to move away from fossil fuels.
renewable energy
возобновляемая энергия
Renewable energy now produces a third of the country’s electricity.
wind farm
ветряная электростанция
A new wind farm is being built off the coast.
sustainability
устойчивость, устойчивое развитие
Sustainability is at the heart of their business model.
biodiversity
биоразнообразие
Intensive farming is a threat to biodiversity.
ecosystem
экосистема
Even small changes in temperature can damage the ecosystem.
endangered species
вымирающий вид
The tiger is an endangered species.
extinction
вымирание
Hundreds of species are on the edge of extinction.
deforestation
вырубка лесов
Deforestation in the Amazon has slowed this year.
famine
голод (массовый)
The war led to famine in several regions.
landslide
оползень
Heavy rain caused a landslide that blocked the road.
erosion
эрозия
Trees help to prevent soil erosion.
pollutant
загрязнитель
Factories released dangerous pollutants into the river.
contamination
загрязнение, заражение
Tests showed contamination of the drinking water.
toxic
токсичный, ядовитый
Some cleaning products contain toxic chemicals.
landfill
свалка, полигон
Most of this plastic ends up in landfill.
compost
компост
We turn our vegetable waste into compost for the garden.
biodegradable
биоразлагаемый
These bags are fully biodegradable.
single-use plastic
одноразовый пластик
The EU has banned many single-use plastics.
conservation
охрана (природы), сохранение
She works for a wildlife conservation charity.
nature reserve
заповедник
The lake is part of a protected nature reserve.
predator
хищник
The fox is the main predator of rabbits in this area.
prey
добыча, жертва
The eagle watched its prey from above.
migration
миграция
Bird migration starts in early autumn.
hibernate
впадать в спячку
Bears hibernate during the winter months.
marine
морской
Marine life is threatened by plastic waste.
coastline
побережье
The coastline is dotted with small fishing villages.
glacier
ледник
The glacier has shrunk dramatically in fifty years.
ice cap
ледяная шапка
The polar ice caps are melting faster than expected.
sea level
уровень моря
Rising sea levels threaten many coastal cities.
terrain
местность, рельеф
The terrain is too rocky for ordinary cars.
vegetation
растительность
The hills are covered in thick vegetation.
fertile
плодородный
The valley has some of the most fertile soil in the country.
soil
почва
Tomatoes grow best in rich, well-drained soil.
humidity
влажность
The humidity makes the heat feel even worse.
drizzle
морось; моросить
It’s only drizzling, so we don’t need an umbrella.
downpour
ливень
We got caught in a sudden downpour on the way home.
overcast
пасмурный
The sky was overcast all day.
scorching
палящий, знойный
It was a scorching day, so we stayed in the shade.
sleet
мокрый снег
The rain turned to sleet in the evening.
blizzard
метель, буран
The blizzard closed all the roads to the village.
carbon neutral
углеродно-нейтральный
The city wants to be carbon neutral by 2040.
offset
компенсировать
Some airlines let you offset the emissions of your flight.
depletion
истощение (ресурсов)
The depletion of fish stocks worries local fishermen.
ozone layer
озоновый слой
The ozone layer is slowly recovering.
smog
смог
On some days the smog is so thick you can’t see the mountains.
acid rain
кислотный дождь
Acid rain damaged the forests in the area.
irrigation
орошение
Farmers depend on irrigation during the dry season.
crop
урожай, сельскохозяйственная культура
Wheat is the main crop in this region.
livestock
скот
The floods wiped out most of the village’s livestock.
pesticide
пестицид
Some pesticides are harmful to bees.
genetically modified
генетически модифицированный
The sale of genetically modified food is strictly regulated.
weather the storm
переждать бурю, выстоять
The company weathered the storm and came back stronger.
a drop in the ocean
капля в море
The money they raised is a drop in the ocean compared with what’s needed.
Учёба 55Учить
hypothesis
гипотеза
The experiment was designed to test this hypothesis.
empirical
эмпирический
There is little empirical evidence to support the theory.
methodology
методология
The study was criticised for its weak methodology.
variable
переменная; изменчивый
Age and income are the two key variables in the study.
sample
выборка; образец
The survey used a sample of two thousand adults.
findings
результаты (исследования)
The findings will be published next month.
peer review
рецензирование
Every article goes through peer review before publication.
thesis
диссертация; тезис
She is writing her thesis on climate migration.
plagiarism
плагиат
Copying from the internet without citing it is plagiarism.
citation
цитата, ссылка
Make sure every citation includes the year of publication.
bibliography
библиография, список литературы
The bibliography lists over a hundred sources.
curriculum
учебная программа
Coding is now part of the school curriculum.
syllabus
программа курса
The syllabus covers modern European history.
postgraduate
аспирант, магистрант; последипломный
She is doing a postgraduate course in law.
doctorate
докторская степень
He received his doctorate in chemistry at twenty-eight.
discipline
дисциплина; отрасль знаний
The course combines several disciplines, including biology and economics.
literacy
грамотность
Adult literacy rates have improved dramatically.
numeracy
навыки счёта
The job requires good numeracy skills.
rote learning
зубрёжка
Rote learning won’t help you understand the grammar.
cram
зубрить
I crammed all night before the exam.
mock exam
пробный экзамен
The mock exam showed me what I still need to work on.
resit
пересдача; пересдавать
If you fail, you can resit the exam in August.
lifelong learning
обучение в течение всей жизни
The library promotes lifelong learning for all ages.
critical thinking
критическое мышление
Critical thinking helps you spot weak arguments.
evaluate
оценивать
We need to evaluate the results before making a decision.
assess
оценивать, определять
Teachers assess students’ progress every term.
assessment
оценивание, оценка
Continuous assessment counts for half of the final grade.
interpret
интерпретировать, толковать
The data can be interpreted in different ways.
deduce
делать вывод
From the evidence, we can deduce that the fire started in the kitchen.
phenomenon
явление
Northern lights are a natural phenomenon.
molecule
молекула
A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
particle
частица
Tiny particles of dust can damage your lungs.
gravity
гравитация, притяжение; серьёзность
Gravity on the Moon is much weaker than on Earth.
evolution
эволюция
Darwin’s theory of evolution changed science forever.
genetics
генетика
Genetics plays a role in many diseases.
organism
организм
Bacteria are single-celled organisms.
chemical
химическое вещество; химический
The factory stores dangerous chemicals.
compound
соединение
Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
substance
вещество
Police found an unknown substance in the bag.
trial
испытание; судебный процесс
The new drug is still in trials.
observation
наблюдение
Careful observation is the basis of good science.
correlation
корреляция, взаимосвязь
There is a strong correlation between sleep and mood.
causation
причинность, причинно-следственная связь
Remember that correlation does not prove causation.
probability
вероятность
The probability of rain tomorrow is low.
margin of error
погрешность
The poll has a margin of error of three percent.
astronomy
астрономия
He became interested in astronomy as a child.
orbit
орбита; вращаться вокруг
The satellite orbits the Earth every ninety minutes.
galaxy
галактика
There are billions of stars in our galaxy.
telescope
телескоп
With a good telescope you can see Saturn’s rings.
quantum
квантовый
Quantum computers could solve problems that are impossible today.
humanities
гуманитарные науки
She studied humanities before moving into marketing.
social sciences
социальные науки
Sociology and psychology are social sciences.
learning curve
процесс освоения, кривая обучения
The software has a steep learning curve.
know something inside out
знать что-то как свои пять пальцев
After ten years in the job, she knows the system inside out.
brush up on
освежить (знания)
I need to brush up on my German before the trip.
Люди и семья 25Учить
peer
сверстник; коллега
Teenagers often care more about the opinions of their peers.
sibling
брат или сестра
Do you have any siblings?
spouse
супруг или супруга
Employees and their spouses are invited to the dinner.
offspring
потомство, отпрыски
Parents want the best for their offspring.
descendant
потомок
She is a descendant of a famous poet.
heir
наследник
He is the only heir to the family business.
inheritance
наследство
She used her inheritance to buy a flat.
adolescence
подростковый возраст
Adolescence can be a difficult time for the whole family.
foster family
приёмная семья
He grew up with a foster family after his parents died.
adoption
усыновление
They decided on adoption after years of trying for a baby.
breadwinner
кормилец (семьи)
She became the main breadwinner when her husband lost his job.
nuclear family
нуклеарная семья (родители и дети)
The traditional nuclear family is becoming less common.
role model
пример для подражания
Sports stars should remember that they are role models.
mentor
наставник
My first boss was also my mentor.
companion
спутник, компаньон
Her dog has been her faithful companion for twelve years.
confidant
доверенное лицо
She was the king’s closest confidant.
next of kin
ближайший родственник
The hospital needs the name of your next of kin.
grow apart
отдаляться друг от друга
We were close at school, but we’ve grown apart.
make up with
помириться с
Have you made up with your sister yet?
get on like a house on fire
быстро подружиться, отлично ладить
Our kids got on like a house on fire.
see eye to eye
сходиться во взглядах
My parents don’t always see eye to eye on politics.
blood is thicker than water
кровь не водица
He chose his brother over his friends; blood is thicker than water.
the black sheep
паршивая овца, белая ворона
I was the black sheep of the family because I didn’t go to university.
the elderly
пожилые люди
The service provides meals for the elderly.
bachelor
холостяк; бакалавр
He remained a bachelor all his life.
Тело и здоровье 36Учить
diagnosis
диагноз
The doctor wants to do more tests before making a diagnosis.
diagnose
диагностировать, ставить диагноз
She was diagnosed with diabetes last year.
prognosis
прогноз (медицинский)
The prognosis is good if the treatment starts early.
chronic
хронический
He suffers from chronic back pain.
acute
острый
She was taken to hospital with acute stomach pain.
contagious
заразный
Stay at home; the flu is very contagious.
infectious
инфекционный
Measles is a highly infectious disease.
immune system
иммунная система
Stress can weaken your immune system.
immunity
иммунитет
Vaccines help the body build immunity.
antibiotic
антибиотик
Antibiotics don’t work against viruses.
dosage
дозировка
Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
anaesthetic
анестетик, наркоз
The operation is done under local anaesthetic.
outbreak
вспышка (болезни)
There has been an outbreak of food poisoning at the school.
epidemic
эпидемия
Obesity has been described as an epidemic.
pandemic
пандемия
The pandemic changed the way we work.
clinical trial
клиническое испытание
Volunteers are needed for a clinical trial.
therapist
психотерапевт
Talking to a therapist helped her deal with grief.
disorder
расстройство
Eating disorders are more common than many people think.
insomnia
бессонница
Stress at work gave me insomnia.
fatigue
усталость
Fatigue is one of the main symptoms.
malnutrition
недоедание
Many children in the area suffer from malnutrition.
sedentary
сидячий, малоподвижный
A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of heart disease.
well-being
благополучие, хорошее самочувствие
Regular exercise improves mental well-being.
impairment
нарушение (функции)
He has a slight hearing impairment.
wheelchair
инвалидная коляска
All the trains have space for wheelchairs.
sprain
растяжение; растянуть
I sprained my ankle playing football.
fracture
перелом
The X-ray showed a small fracture in his wrist.
inflammation
воспаление
Ice can help reduce the inflammation.
pulse
пульс
The nurse checked my pulse and blood pressure.
stroke
инсульт
Her grandfather had a stroke last year.
hygiene
гигиена
Good hygiene helps stop the spread of disease.
under the weather
неважно себя чувствовать
I’m feeling a bit under the weather today.
on the mend
идти на поправку
He was very ill, but he’s on the mend now.
as fit as a fiddle
здоров как бык
My grandmother is ninety and as fit as a fiddle.
run-down
измотанный; запущенный
I’ve been working too much and feel completely run-down.
kick the habit
бросить вредную привычку
He smoked for twenty years before he finally kicked the habit.
Чувства и характер 61Учить
resilience
стойкость, жизнестойкость
The team showed great resilience after losing the first game.
resilient
стойкий, выносливый
Children are often more resilient than we think.
empathy
эмпатия, сопереживание
Good doctors combine skill with empathy.
compassion
сострадание, милосердие
She treated the refugees with great compassion.
integrity
честность, порядочность
He is a man of integrity who never breaks a promise.
humility
скромность, смирение
Despite her success, she speaks with real humility.
arrogance
высокомерие, заносчивость
His arrogance made him unpopular with the team.
conceited
самодовольный
She’s talented, but not at all conceited.
assertive
напористый, уверенный в себе
You need to be more assertive in meetings.
outspoken
откровенный, прямолинейный
She is an outspoken critic of the government.
introvert
интроверт
As an introvert, I need time alone after a big party.
extrovert
экстраверт
Extroverts usually enjoy working in large teams.
conscientious
добросовестный
She is a conscientious worker who never misses a deadline.
diligent
усердный, прилежный
Diligent students usually do well in exams.
meticulous
тщательный, скрупулёзный
He keeps meticulous records of every expense.
impulsive
импульсивный
Try not to make impulsive decisions about money.
gullible
доверчивый, легковерный
Scammers target gullible people online.
naive
наивный
It was naive of me to think the problem would just disappear.
cynical
циничный
Many voters have become cynical about politics.
sceptical
скептический
I’m sceptical about these miracle diets.
temperamental
переменчивый, эмоциональный
The artist was famously temperamental.
hot-tempered
вспыльчивый
He’s hot-tempered, but he calms down quickly.
laid-back
спокойный, расслабленный
Our new boss is very laid-back.
tactful
тактичный
Try to be tactful when you tell her about the mistake.
tactless
бестактный
It was tactless of him to mention her age.
thick-skinned
толстокожий, нечувствительный к критике
You have to be thick-skinned to work in politics.
self-conscious
застенчивый, стесняющийся
She felt self-conscious about her accent.
insecurity
неуверенность
His jokes hide a deep insecurity.
resentment
обида, негодование
There is growing resentment among the staff.
resent
возмущаться, обижаться на
She resented being treated like a child.
hold a grudge
держать обиду, иметь зуб
He still holds a grudge against me after all these years.
remorse
раскаяние
The driver showed no remorse for the accident.
guilt
вина, чувство вины
She felt a pang of guilt for forgetting his birthday.
nostalgia
ностальгия
Old songs fill me with nostalgia.
apprehensive
встревоженный, опасающийся
I was a bit apprehensive about meeting her parents.
dread
ужас; бояться
I dread going back to work after the holidays.
elated
в восторге, ликующий
We were elated when we heard the news.
ecstatic
вне себя от радости
The fans were ecstatic after the win.
devastated
опустошённый, убитый горем
She was devastated when her dog died.
heartbroken
с разбитым сердцем
He was heartbroken when she left.
bewildered
озадаченный, сбитый с толку
The tourists looked bewildered by the complicated map.
indifferent
равнодушный
He seems completely indifferent to what others think.
apathy
апатия, безразличие
Voter apathy is a serious problem.
gratitude
благодарность
I want to express my gratitude to everyone who helped.
contempt
презрение
She looked at him with contempt.
disgust
отвращение
He left the room in disgust.
admiration
восхищение
I have great admiration for nurses.
keep a straight face
сохранять серьёзное лицо
It was hard to keep a straight face when he fell off the chair.
on cloud nine
на седьмом небе
She’s been on cloud nine since she got the job.
down in the dumps
в подавленном настроении
He’s been down in the dumps since his team lost.
have butterflies in your stomach
очень волноваться
I always have butterflies in my stomach before I go on stage.
at the end of your tether
на пределе терпения
After a week without sleep, I was at the end of my tether.
a pain in the neck
головная боль, зануда
Filling in these forms is a pain in the neck.
open-minded
открытый новому, непредвзятый
Travelling has made me more open-minded.
narrow-minded
ограниченный, узколобый
It’s narrow-minded to judge people by their clothes.
strong-willed
волевой
She’s a strong-willed woman who knows what she wants.
level-headed
рассудительный, уравновешенный
We need someone level-headed in a crisis.
quick-witted
сообразительный, остроумный
The host was quick-witted and kept the audience laughing.
down-to-earth
приземлённый, простой
Despite being famous, he’s very down-to-earth.
manipulative
манипулятивный
He can be very manipulative when he wants something.
willpower
сила воли
It takes a lot of willpower to stick to a diet.
Общение 66Учить
articulate
чётко формулировать; красноречивый
She found it hard to articulate her feelings.
convey
передавать (мысль, чувство)
The photo conveys the sadness of the moment.
clarify
уточнять, разъяснять
Could you clarify what you mean by flexible hours?
elaborate
подробно объяснять; сложный
Could you elaborate on that point?
emphasise
подчёркивать, акцентировать
The doctor emphasised the importance of rest.
imply
подразумевать, намекать
Are you implying that I’m lying?
acknowledge
признавать; подтверждать (получение)
He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.
concede
признавать (неохотно), уступать
She finally conceded that I was right.
assert
утверждать, отстаивать
He asserted that the money had been stolen.
contradict
противоречить, возражать
The two reports contradict each other.
refute
опровергать
The company refuted all the claims.
dispute
спор; оспаривать
Nobody disputes the need for reform.
reconcile
примирять; согласовывать
It’s hard to reconcile these two points of view.
mediate
быть посредником
A lawyer mediated between the two sides.
confide in
доверяться (кому-то)
She confided in her sister about her problems at work.
banter
подшучивание, шутливая болтовня
There’s always friendly banter in the office.
sarcasm
сарказм
I couldn’t tell if he was being serious or if it was sarcasm.
irony
ирония
The irony is that the fire station burned down.
euphemism
эвфемизм
Letting someone go is a euphemism for firing them.
jargon
жаргон, профессиональная лексика
The report is full of legal jargon.
colloquial
разговорный
This expression is too colloquial for a formal letter.
tone of voice
тон голоса
I didn’t like his tone of voice.
eye contact
зрительный контакт
Make eye contact with the interviewer when you answer.
misinterpret
неправильно истолковать
My silence was misinterpreted as agreement.
miscommunication
недопонимание
The delay was caused by a miscommunication between teams.
blunt
резкий, прямолинейный; тупой
To be blunt, your plan won’t work.
diplomatic
дипломатичный, тактичный
She gave a very diplomatic answer.
verbal
устный, словесный
We only have a verbal agreement, nothing in writing.
non-verbal
невербальный
Non-verbal signals are just as important as words.
rhetoric
риторика
The politician’s rhetoric was full of empty promises.
anecdote
случай из жизни, забавная история
He began his speech with a funny anecdote.
digress
отклоняться от темы
Sorry, I’m digressing; let’s get back to the main point.
chip in
вставить слово; скинуться (деньгами)
We all chipped in to buy her a present.
come across as
производить впечатление
He comes across as shy, but he’s actually very confident.
get the wrong end of the stick
понять неправильно
I think you got the wrong end of the stick; I wasn’t criticising you.
beat around the bush
ходить вокруг да около
Stop beating around the bush and tell me what happened.
get to the point
перейти к сути
I’ll get straight to the point: we need more money.
in a nutshell
в двух словах
In a nutshell, the project was a failure.
speak your mind
говорить начистоту
She’s not afraid to speak her mind.
hold your tongue
придержать язык
I wanted to argue, but I held my tongue.
put in a good word for
замолвить словечко за
Could you put in a good word for me with your manager?
word of mouth
сарафанное радио, из уст в уста
The restaurant became popular through word of mouth.
break the ice
растопить лёд
He told a joke to break the ice.
spill the beans
проболтаться, выдать секрет
Come on, spill the beans! Who is she?
talk someone into
уговорить кого-то
She talked me into going skydiving.
talk someone out of
отговорить кого-то
My parents tried to talk me out of quitting my job.
play devil’s advocate
играть роль адвоката дьявола
Let me play devil’s advocate for a moment: what if the plan works?
hear on the grapevine
узнать по слухам
I heard on the grapevine that she’s leaving the company.
for the record
для протокола, к сведению
For the record, I never agreed to this.
off the top of my head
навскидку, с ходу
Off the top of my head, I’d say about fifty people came.
with all due respect
при всём уважении
With all due respect, I think you’re wrong.
I beg to differ
позвольте не согласиться
You say it’s cheap, but I beg to differ.
point taken
справедливо, понял
Point taken; I’ll be more careful next time.
fair enough
справедливо, ладно
You want to leave early? Fair enough.
correspondence
переписка
All correspondence should be sent to the head office.
kind regards
с уважением (в письме)
She ended the email with Kind regards and her name.
enquire
осведомляться, наводить справки
I’m writing to enquire about the position advertised on your website.
enquiry
запрос
We received over a hundred enquiries in the first week.
notify
уведомлять
Please notify us of any change of address.
consult
советоваться, консультироваться
You should consult a lawyer before signing.
address an issue
решать вопрос, заниматься проблемой
The meeting will address the issue of parking.
raise a concern
выразить обеспокоенность
Several parents raised concerns about safety.
remark
замечание; замечать
He made a rude remark about her hair.
overstatement
преувеличение
To call it a disaster would be an overstatement.
understatement
преуменьшение
Saying the film was long is an understatement; it lasted four hours.
cliché
клише, банальность
His speech was full of clichés.
Еда и напитки 17Учить
appetiser
закуска
We ordered olives and bread as an appetiser.
garnish
украшение блюда; украшать
Garnish the soup with fresh herbs.
seasoning
приправа
The dish needs more seasoning.
marinate
мариновать
Marinate the chicken overnight for the best flavour.
simmer
томить на медленном огне
Let the sauce simmer for twenty minutes.
whisk
взбивать; венчик
Whisk the eggs and sugar together.
grate
тереть (на тёрке)
Grate some cheese over the pasta.
nutrient
питательное вещество
Boiling vegetables for too long destroys the nutrients.
wholegrain
цельнозерновой
Wholegrain bread keeps you full for longer.
additive
пищевая добавка
The label says the juice contains no additives.
savoury
несладкий, пикантный
I prefer savoury snacks to sweets.
succulent
сочный
The steak was tender and succulent.
craving
сильная тяга (к еде)
I have a sudden craving for chocolate.
binge
обжорство, загул; объедаться
I binged on biscuits while watching the film.
a piece of cake
проще простого
The exam was a piece of cake.
not my cup of tea
не в моём вкусе
Opera is not really my cup of tea.
food for thought
пища для размышлений
Her talk gave us plenty of food for thought.
Дом и быт 15Учить
utility bills
счета за коммунальные услуги
Utility bills have gone up a lot this winter.
refurbish
обновлять (помещение)
The hotel was completely refurbished last year.
clutter
беспорядок, хлам
I can’t work with all this clutter on my desk.
declutter
расхламлять
I decluttered my wardrobe and gave away three bags of clothes.
cramped
тесный
Four of us lived in a cramped two-room flat.
draughty
продуваемый, со сквозняками
Old houses are often draughty in winter.
damp
сырой, влажный; сырость
The walls in the basement are damp.
mould
плесень
There’s mould growing in the corner of the bathroom.
plumbing
сантехника, водопровод
The plumbing in this building is very old.
wiring
электропроводка
The electrician said the wiring needs replacing.
insulation
утепление, изоляция
Good insulation can cut your heating bills.
semi-detached
дом с общей стеной (спаренный)
We bought a semi-detached house near the school.
wear and tear
износ
The deposit doesn’t cover normal wear and tear.
make yourself at home
чувствуй себя как дома
Come in and make yourself at home.
housewarming
новоселье
We’re having a housewarming party on Saturday.
Город и транспорт 11Учить
urban
городской
Urban areas are growing fast.
rural
сельский
Many young people are leaving rural areas.
congestion
пробки, перегруженность
The new tax aims to reduce congestion in the city centre.
gridlock
транспортный коллапс
The accident caused gridlock across the city.
detour
объезд
We had to make a detour because the bridge was closed.
skyline
силуэт города
The skyline looks amazing at night.
high-rise
высотка; высотный
They live on the twentieth floor of a high-rise.
gentrification
джентрификация
Gentrification has pushed rents up in the old town.
urban sprawl
бесконтрольное разрастание города
Urban sprawl is eating up farmland.
amenities
удобства, инфраструктура
The area has good amenities, including shops and a park.
vicinity
окрестности, близость
There are three schools in the vicinity.
Путешествия 16Учить
layover
пересадка (длительная)
We have a five-hour layover in Istanbul.
off the beaten track
вдали от туристических троп
We stayed in a village off the beaten track.
hospitality
гостеприимство
We were amazed by the hospitality of the locals.
wanderlust
страсть к путешествиям
Her wanderlust has taken her to over forty countries.
picturesque
живописный
We stopped in a picturesque fishing village.
breathtaking
захватывающий дух
The view from the top was breathtaking.
secluded
уединённый
We found a secluded beach with no one else on it.
overcrowded
переполненный
The museum was overcrowded with tourists.
tourist trap
ловушка для туристов
That restaurant is a tourist trap; the food is awful and expensive.
embark
садиться на борт; начинать
Passengers can embark at noon.
disembark
высаживаться (с судна, самолёта)
We disembarked in Lisbon after a long voyage.
see someone off
провожать кого-то
My parents came to the station to see me off.
getaway
короткий отпуск, побег от будней
We’re planning a romantic weekend getaway.
travel light
путешествовать налегке
I always travel light, with just a small backpack.
hit the road
отправляться в путь
It’s getting late; we should hit the road.
expat
экспат
There is a large community of British expats in the Algarve.
Покупки и одежда 14Учить
warranty
гарантия
The laptop comes with a two-year warranty.
consumerism
потребительство
The film is a critique of modern consumerism.
retailer
розничный продавец, ритейлер
Online retailers have taken customers away from high street shops.
wholesale
оптовый; оптом
We buy coffee wholesale for the café.
haggle
торговаться
In the market, you’re expected to haggle over the price.
shop around
сравнивать цены
It pays to shop around before buying insurance.
tailor-made
сшитый на заказ; индивидуальный
The company offers tailor-made holidays.
fabric
ткань
This fabric is soft and easy to wash.
garment
предмет одежды
Each garment is made by hand.
attire
одеяние, наряд (офиц.)
Formal attire is required at the ceremony.
dress code
дресс-код
The dress code at our office is quite relaxed.
fit like a glove
сидеть как влитой
The jacket fits like a glove.
shopaholic
шопоголик
I’m a bit of a shopaholic when it comes to books.
loyalty card
карта лояльности
With a loyalty card, every tenth coffee is free.
Время и даты 18Учить
in the short term
в краткосрочной перспективе
In the short term, prices will probably rise.
in due course
в своё время, в должное время
You will be informed of the results in due course.
at short notice
в сжатые сроки, без предупреждения
Sorry to cancel at such short notice.
ahead of schedule
раньше срока
The bridge was finished ahead of schedule.
timely
своевременный
Thank you for your timely reply.
overdue
просроченный, запоздалый
The library books are two weeks overdue.
postpone
откладывать, переносить
The match was postponed because of the snow.
interim
временный, промежуточный
She was appointed interim director.
era
эпоха, эра
The smartphone marked the beginning of a new era.
in hindsight
задним числом, оглядываясь назад
In hindsight, we should have left earlier.
once in a blue moon
раз в сто лет
We only go to the cinema once in a blue moon.
around the clock
круглосуточно
Doctors worked around the clock to save him.
in the nick of time
в последний момент
We got to the station in the nick of time.
make up for lost time
наверстать упущенное
After the illness, she worked hard to make up for lost time.
chronological
хронологический
List your jobs in reverse chronological order.
in the foreseeable future
в обозримом будущем
Prices are unlikely to fall in the foreseeable future.
countdown
обратный отсчёт
The countdown to the New Year has begun.
deadline extension
продление срока
I asked my tutor for a deadline extension.
Числа и количество 29Учить
abundance
изобилие
The region has an abundance of fresh fruit.
scarcity
нехватка, дефицит
The scarcity of water is a serious problem here.
a fraction of
доля, малая часть
The flight cost a fraction of the train fare.
proportion
пропорция, доля
A large proportion of the budget goes on salaries.
ratio
соотношение
The ratio of teachers to students is one to fifteen.
the vast majority
подавляющее большинство
The vast majority of people support the idea.
tally
подсчёт; совпадать
The final tally was twenty votes for and twelve against.
quota
квота
Each fishing boat has a strict quota.
threshold
порог
Your income is below the tax threshold.
plummet
резко падать
Temperatures plummeted overnight.
soar
резко расти; парить
House prices have soared in the last five years.
surge
резкий рост, всплеск
There has been a surge in demand for electric cars.
dwindle
сокращаться, таять
Our savings dwindled while I was out of work.
fluctuate
колебаться
Prices fluctuate depending on the season.
negligible
незначительный, ничтожный
The difference in price is negligible.
substantial
значительный, существенный
She received a substantial pay rise.
considerable
немалый, значительный
The project took a considerable amount of time.
excessive
чрезмерный
Excessive drinking damages the liver.
ample
достаточный, обильный
There is ample parking behind the hotel.
sparse
редкий, скудный
Vegetation is sparse at this altitude.
countless
бесчисленный
I’ve told you countless times to lock the door.
myriad
множество, мириады
The city offers a myriad of things to do.
the bulk of
основная часть
The bulk of the work is done by volunteers.
magnitude
величина, масштаб
Nobody understood the magnitude of the problem.
dimension
измерение, размер
Please check the dimensions of the box before ordering.
odd number
нечётное число
Seven is an odd number.
even number
чётное число
Houses with even numbers are on the left side of the street.
decimal
десятичный; десятичная дробь
Round the answer to two decimal places.
round up
округлять (в большую сторону)
The price was 9.97, so let’s round it up to ten.
Досуг и спорт 19Учить
recreational
рекреационный, развлекательный
The park offers many recreational activities.
underdog
аутсайдер, слабая сторона
Everyone loves it when the underdog wins.
defeat
поражение; побеждать
The team suffered a heavy defeat.
endurance
выносливость
Marathon running requires great endurance.
sportsmanship
спортивное поведение, честная игра
Shaking hands after the game shows good sportsmanship.
doping
допинг
The cyclist was banned for doping.
binge-watch
смотреть запоем
We binge-watched the whole series in one weekend.
box office
касса; кассовые сборы
The film was a huge box office success.
sequel
продолжение, сиквел
The sequel was even better than the original.
premiere
премьера
The stars arrived for the film’s premiere.
critically acclaimed
признанный критиками
Her first novel was critically acclaimed.
gripping
захватывающий
It’s a gripping story that keeps you guessing until the end.
plot twist
неожиданный поворот сюжета
Nobody saw the plot twist coming.
craftsmanship
мастерство
The furniture shows excellent craftsmanship.
a level playing field
равные условия
The new rules should create a level playing field for small clubs.
the ball is in your court
теперь ход за тобой
I’ve made my offer; the ball is in your court now.
jump the gun
поспешить, действовать преждевременно
Let’s not jump the gun; we don’t have the results yet.
on the ball
в курсе дела, сообразительный
Our new assistant is really on the ball.
a whole new ball game
совсем другое дело
Managing people is a whole new ball game.
Глаголы 142Учить
obtain
получать, добывать (офиц.)
You must obtain a visa before you travel.
assist
помогать, содействовать (офиц.)
Our staff will be happy to assist you.
commence
начинать(ся) (офиц.)
The ceremony will commence at ten o’clock.
endeavour
стараться; усилие (офиц.)
We will endeavour to reply within 24 hours.
reside
проживать (офиц.)
He currently resides in Canada.
facilitate
способствовать, облегчать
The new bridge will facilitate trade between the two towns.
terminate
прекращать, расторгать
Either side may terminate the contract with a month’s notice.
ascertain
выяснять, устанавливать
Police are trying to ascertain the cause of the fire.
comprise
состоять из, включать
The course comprises ten lectures and a final exam.
constitute
составлять, являться
Women constitute over half of the workforce.
exceed
превышать
The cost must not exceed five thousand euros.
undergo
подвергаться, проходить
He underwent surgery on his knee.
undertake
предпринимать, браться за
The company undertook a major review of its services.
underestimate
недооценивать
Never underestimate your opponent.
overlook
упустить из виду; выходить на
It’s easy to overlook small mistakes. Our room overlooks the sea.
overcome
преодолевать, преодолеть
She overcame her fear of flying.
outweigh
перевешивать
The benefits outweigh the risks.
outnumber
превосходить численно
Women outnumber men in the teaching profession.
withstand
выдерживать
The building is designed to withstand earthquakes.
withhold
утаивать, удерживать
The company withheld important information from investors.
abandon
покидать, отказываться от
They had to abandon the car in the snow.
abolish
отменять, упразднять
The death penalty was abolished decades ago.
accelerate
ускорять(ся)
The pandemic accelerated the move to online shopping.
accommodate
размещать; учитывать
The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.
accumulate
накапливать(ся)
Dust accumulates quickly in this room.
adhere to
придерживаться
All staff must adhere to the safety rules.
advocate
выступать за; сторонник
Doctors advocate a diet rich in vegetables.
alleviate
облегчать, смягчать
The medicine will alleviate the pain.
amend
вносить поправки, исправлять
The contract was amended to include a new clause.
anticipate
предвидеть, ожидать
We don’t anticipate any problems.
attain
достигать
Few athletes attain such a high level.
boost
повышать, стимулировать
The campaign boosted sales by thirty percent.
cherish
дорожить, лелеять
I cherish the memories of my childhood.
coincide
совпадать
My birthday coincides with the start of the festival.
collaborate
сотрудничать
The two universities collaborate on research.
compensate
компенсировать
The airline compensated us for the delay.
compile
составлять, собирать
We compiled a list of all the complaints.
comply with
соблюдать, выполнять (требования)
All products must comply with EU standards.
conceal
скрывать
She couldn’t conceal her disappointment.
condemn
осуждать
World leaders condemned the attack.
confront
противостоять; сталкиваться с
We must confront the problem instead of ignoring it.
consolidate
укреплять, объединять
The team consolidated its lead with a second goal.
contemplate
обдумывать, рассматривать
She is contemplating a move abroad.
curb
сдерживать, ограничивать
The government wants to curb rising prices.
deem
считать, полагать (офиц.)
The building was deemed unsafe.
defy
бросать вызов, не подчиняться
The protesters defied the ban.
deteriorate
ухудшаться
His health deteriorated rapidly.
deter
удерживать, отпугивать
High fines should deter people from parking here.
devote
посвящать
She devoted her life to helping others.
diminish
уменьшаться, ослабевать
The pain diminished after a few days.
discard
выбрасывать, отбрасывать
Discard any food that smells strange.
disclose
раскрывать, разглашать
The company refused to disclose the price.
discourage
отбивать охоту, отговаривать
The rain discouraged people from going out.
disrupt
нарушать, срывать
The strike disrupted train services all week.
distort
искажать
The article distorted what I actually said.
divert
отвлекать; перенаправлять
Our flight was diverted to another airport.
embrace
принимать (идею); обнимать
The company embraced new technology early.
emerge
появляться, возникать
New problems emerged during the testing.
encounter
сталкиваться с; встреча
We encountered several difficulties on the way.
endorse
одобрять, поддерживать
The plan was endorsed by the board.
endure
выносить, терпеть
They endured years of hardship.
enhance
улучшать, усиливать
Good lighting can enhance a room.
ensure
обеспечивать, гарантировать
Please ensure that all doors are locked.
evoke
вызывать (чувства, воспоминания)
The smell evoked memories of my grandmother’s kitchen.
exploit
эксплуатировать, использовать
The company was accused of exploiting its workers.
flourish
процветать, расцветать
The arts flourished in the city at that time.
foster
способствовать, развивать
The school fosters a love of reading.
hinder
мешать, препятствовать
Bad weather hindered the rescue efforts.
impose
вводить; навязывать
The city imposed a ban on cars in the centre.
induce
побуждать, вызывать
Nothing could induce me to work there again.
integrate
интегрировать, объединять
It takes time to integrate into a new culture.
intervene
вмешиваться
The teacher intervened to stop the fight.
jeopardise
ставить под угрозу
One mistake could jeopardise the whole project.
justify
оправдывать, обосновывать
How can you justify spending so much?
linger
задерживаться, медлить
The smell of smoke lingered for days.
mitigate
смягчать, уменьшать (вред)
Trees help to mitigate the effects of pollution.
neglect
пренебрегать, запускать
He neglected his health for years.
nurture
растить, лелеять
Good teachers nurture talent.
perceive
воспринимать
How do others perceive you?
persist
упорствовать; сохраняться
If the symptoms persist, see a doctor.
pose
представлять (угрозу); позировать
Rising sea levels pose a serious threat.
precede
предшествовать
A long silence preceded his answer.
prevail
преобладать, одерживать верх
In the end, common sense prevailed.
prohibit
запрещать
Smoking is prohibited in all public buildings.
prolong
продлевать
Regular exercise can prolong your life.
provoke
провоцировать, вызывать
The decision provoked angry protests.
pursue
преследовать; стремиться к
She left her job to pursue a career in music.
reassure
успокаивать, обнадёживать
The doctor reassured me that it was nothing serious.
reinforce
усиливать, укреплять
The new evidence reinforces our theory.
render
делать (каким); оказывать
The flood rendered the road unusable.
restore
восстанавливать, реставрировать
Power was restored after six hours.
retain
сохранять, удерживать
The company struggles to retain good staff.
retrieve
извлекать, возвращать
I managed to retrieve the deleted files.
revive
возрождать, оживлять
The festival has revived interest in folk music.
scrutinise
тщательно изучать
The contract was scrutinised by our lawyers.
speculate
рассуждать, строить догадки
It’s too early to speculate about the cause.
strive
стремиться, прилагать усилия
We strive to give the best service possible.
submit
подавать; подчиняться
Applications must be submitted by Friday.
succumb
поддаваться, не устоять
I succumbed to temptation and ordered dessert.
surpass
превосходить
The results surpassed all our expectations.
sustain
поддерживать, выдерживать
The economy cannot sustain this level of growth.
tackle
решать, браться за
We need to tackle the problem of unemployment.
thrive
процветать, хорошо развиваться
These plants thrive in dry conditions.
trigger
вызывать, провоцировать
Stress can trigger a headache.
undermine
подрывать
Constant criticism undermines confidence.
uphold
поддерживать, отстаивать
The court upheld the original decision.
utilise
использовать (офиц.)
We need to utilise our resources better.
verify
проверять, подтверждать
Please verify your email address.
yield
приносить (результат); уступать
The research yielded some surprising results.
envisage
предусматривать, представлять
I don’t envisage any major changes.
refrain from
воздерживаться от
Please refrain from using your phone during the show.
account for
объяснять; составлять (долю)
Tourism accounts for ten percent of the economy.
back down
отступить, уступить
The government backed down after the protests.
bring about
вызвать, привести к
The internet brought about huge changes in society.
do away with
покончить с, упразднить
Many shops have done away with plastic bags.
fall through
сорваться, провалиться
Our plans fell through at the last minute.
get away with
сойти с рук
He cheated in the exam and got away with it.
get round to
дойти руки до
I finally got round to fixing the door.
go through with
довести до конца
She was nervous, but she went through with the operation.
hold back
сдерживать(ся)
She held back her tears.
iron out
уладить, устранить (проблемы)
We still need to iron out a few details.
make out
разобрать, разглядеть
I couldn’t make out what he was saying.
opt out
отказаться (от участия)
You can opt out of the scheme at any time.
phase out
постепенно отказываться от
Petrol cars will be phased out by 2035.
put forward
выдвигать (идею, предложение)
He put forward a plan to save money.
rule out
исключать (возможность)
The police have not ruled out murder.
stem from
проистекать из, происходить из
Many of his problems stem from his childhood.
step up
усиливать, наращивать
Police have stepped up patrols in the area.
take on
брать на себя; нанимать
I’ve taken on too much work this month.
weigh up
взвешивать (за и против)
Weigh up the pros and cons before you decide.
wind down
расслабляться; сворачивать
I like to wind down with a book before bed.
write off
списывать
The car was written off after the crash.
boil down to
сводиться к
The problem boils down to a lack of money.
crack down on
принимать жёсткие меры против
The police are cracking down on drunk driving.
dawn on
осенить, дойти (до кого-то)
It suddenly dawned on me that I had left my keys at home.
live up to
оправдывать (ожидания)
The hotel didn’t live up to our expectations.
miss out on
упустить (возможность)
Don’t miss out on this special offer.
pin down
точно определить; заставить определиться
It’s hard to pin down exactly what went wrong.
play down
преуменьшать
The minister tried to play down the crisis.
set aside
откладывать, выделять
I set aside some money every month.
single out
выделять (среди других)
The teacher singled her out for praise.
take into account
принимать во внимание
The price doesn’t take into account delivery costs.
Прилагательные 89Учить
adequate
достаточный, приемлемый
The room was small but adequate for our needs.
ambiguous
двусмысленный, неоднозначный
The instructions were ambiguous, so we did it wrong.
apparent
очевидный; кажущийся
It soon became apparent that he was lying.
arbitrary
произвольный, случайный
The decision seemed completely arbitrary.
authentic
подлинный, аутентичный
The restaurant serves authentic Thai food.
bizarre
странный, причудливый
It was a bizarre situation that none of us understood.
coherent
последовательный, связный
The government needs a coherent plan.
compelling
убедительный, захватывающий
There is compelling evidence that the drug works.
comprehensive
всесторонний, исчерпывающий
The guide gives a comprehensive overview of the city.
concise
сжатый, лаконичный
Keep your answers clear and concise.
consistent
последовательный, стабильный
Her work has been consistent all year.
crucial
решающий, ключевой
The next few days are crucial.
cumbersome
громоздкий, неудобный
The application process is cumbersome.
decent
приличный, порядочный
He earns a decent salary.
deliberate
преднамеренный; обдуманный
It was a deliberate attempt to mislead the public.
distinct
отчётливый; отличный (от)
There is a distinct smell of gas in here.
diverse
разнообразный
London has a very diverse population.
dubious
сомнительный
The company has a dubious reputation.
eligible
имеющий право; подходящий
You are eligible for a discount if you are under 26.
explicit
явный, недвусмысленный
He gave explicit instructions not to open the door.
implicit
подразумеваемый, скрытый
There was an implicit threat in his words.
feasible
осуществимый
Is it feasible to finish the project by May?
fierce
ожесточённый, свирепый
There is fierce competition for the job.
flawed
ошибочный, несовершенный
The study was flawed because the sample was too small.
hostile
враждебный
The crowd was hostile to the speaker.
imminent
надвигающийся, неминуемый
The storm is imminent; stay indoors.
inevitable
неизбежный
Some mistakes are inevitable when you are learning.
immense
огромный
The project was an immense success.
inherent
присущий, свойственный
There are risks inherent in every investment.
innovative
инновационный, новаторский
The company is known for its innovative designs.
intricate
замысловатый, сложный
The carpet has an intricate pattern.
legitimate
законный, обоснованный
That’s a legitimate question.
mandatory
обязательный
Wearing a helmet is mandatory on building sites.
mundane
обыденный, рутинный
Most of my job involves mundane tasks.
notorious
печально известный
The area is notorious for traffic jams.
obscure
малоизвестный; неясный
He quoted an obscure poet from the 18th century.
overwhelming
ошеломляющий, подавляющий
The response from the public was overwhelming.
plausible
правдоподобный
His explanation sounded plausible.
pragmatic
прагматичный
We need a pragmatic solution, not a perfect one.
precise
точный
Can you give me the precise figures?
prestigious
престижный
She studied at a prestigious university.
profound
глубокий
The book had a profound effect on me.
prominent
видный, выдающийся
He is a prominent member of the community.
prone to
склонный к
This area is prone to flooding.
redundant
излишний; уволенный по сокращению
Remove any redundant words from your essay.
relentless
неустанный, беспощадный
The relentless rain lasted for a week.
reluctant
неохотный, колеблющийся
He was reluctant to admit his mistake.
robust
надёжный, крепкий
We need a robust system that won’t crash.
rigorous
строгий, тщательный
All products undergo rigorous testing.
scarce
дефицитный, скудный
Fresh water is scarce in the desert.
shrewd
проницательный, расчётливый
She’s a shrewd businesswoman.
sophisticated
утончённый; сложный
The bank uses sophisticated software to detect fraud.
spontaneous
спонтанный
The audience burst into spontaneous applause.
steep
крутой; резкий
There has been a steep rise in prices.
subtle
тонкий, едва заметный
There’s a subtle difference between the two words.
superficial
поверхностный
He only has a superficial knowledge of the subject.
tedious
утомительный, нудный
Checking all the data was a tedious job.
tentative
предварительный, неуверенный
We made tentative plans to meet in June.
thorough
тщательный, подробный
The police carried out a thorough search.
trivial
пустяковый, тривиальный
Don’t waste time on trivial details.
unprecedented
беспрецедентный
The city has seen an unprecedented rise in tourism.
valid
действительный, обоснованный
Your passport must be valid for six months.
viable
жизнеспособный, реальный
Is this a viable business plan?
vivid
яркий
I have vivid memories of that summer.
vulnerable
уязвимый
Old people are especially vulnerable in the heat.
widespread
широко распространённый
There is widespread concern about the economy.
adverse
неблагоприятный, негативный
The drug has no adverse effects.
bleak
мрачный, безрадостный
The future looks bleak for the industry.
compatible
совместимый
This charger isn’t compatible with my phone.
conventional
традиционный, общепринятый
Electric cars are cheaper to run than conventional ones.
crude
грубый, примитивный; сырой
It’s a crude estimate, but it gives us an idea.
detrimental
вредный, пагубный
Lack of sleep is detrimental to your health.
drastic
радикальный, резкий
We need to take drastic action.
fragile
хрупкий
The peace between the two countries is fragile.
futile
тщетный, бесполезный
It’s futile to argue with him.
hazardous
опасный
The factory produces hazardous waste.
lenient
снисходительный, мягкий
The judge was criticised for being too lenient.
mediocre
посредственный
The food was mediocre and overpriced.
meaningful
значимый, содержательный
I want a meaningful job, not just a well-paid one.
reckless
безрассудный, опрометчивый
He was fined for reckless driving.
tangible
ощутимый, реальный
We need tangible results, not promises.
unanimous
единогласный
The decision was unanimous.
versatile
универсальный, разносторонний
Eggs are a very versatile ingredient.
biased
предвзятый
The referee was clearly biased.
far-fetched
надуманный, маловероятный
The plot of the film is a bit far-fetched.
counterproductive
контрпродуктивный
Punishing children too harshly can be counterproductive.
groundbreaking
новаторский, прорывной
Her groundbreaking research changed the field.
up-and-coming
перспективный, набирающий популярность
The festival features up-and-coming bands.
state-of-the-art
новейший, современнейший
The hospital has state-of-the-art equipment.
Наречия и связки 64Учить
nevertheless
тем не менее
The weather was awful; nevertheless, we enjoyed the trip.
nonetheless
всё же, однако
It was a difficult year. Nonetheless, sales grew.
albeit
хотя, пусть и
He agreed, albeit reluctantly.
notwithstanding
несмотря на
Notwithstanding the bad weather, the event was a success.
thereby
тем самым
He signed the contract, thereby accepting all the terms.
hence
следовательно, отсюда
The product is handmade, hence the high price.
thus
таким образом, следовательно
The road was closed, and thus we were late.
accordingly
соответственно
The rules have changed, and we must act accordingly.
likewise
аналогично, точно так же
I was nervous, and my colleagues felt likewise.
conversely
наоборот, напротив
Some people gain weight under stress; conversely, others lose it.
on the contrary
напротив, наоборот
I’m not bored; on the contrary, I’m having a great time.
in the event of
в случае
In the event of fire, use the stairs.
given that
учитывая, что
Given that it’s raining, let’s stay in.
in light of
в свете, ввиду
In light of recent events, the concert has been cancelled.
owing to
из-за, вследствие
The flight was delayed owing to fog.
on account of
по причине, из-за
The school was closed on account of the snow.
in terms of
с точки зрения, в плане
In terms of price, this is the best option.
with regard to
что касается, относительно
I’m writing with regard to your recent order.
regarding
относительно, касательно
Do you have any questions regarding the contract?
prior to
до, перед (офиц.)
Please check in two hours prior to departure.
subsequently
впоследствии, затем
He was arrested and subsequently released.
henceforth
отныне, впредь
Henceforth, all meetings will be held online.
to some extent
в какой-то степени
I agree with you to some extent.
by and large
в целом, по большому счёту
By and large, the trip was a success.
admittedly
правда, надо признать
Admittedly, I should have checked first.
arguably
пожалуй, вероятно (можно утверждать)
She is arguably the best player in the world.
presumably
предположительно, вероятно
Presumably, he missed the train.
supposedly
якобы
The restaurant is supposedly the best in town.
seemingly
по-видимому, казалось бы
The seemingly simple task took all day.
undoubtedly
несомненно
This is undoubtedly the best film of the year.
inevitably
неизбежно
Inevitably, there were a few problems at the start.
ultimately
в конечном счёте
Ultimately, it’s your decision.
primarily
прежде всего, главным образом
The course is aimed primarily at beginners.
predominantly
преимущественно
The area is predominantly residential.
virtually
практически, почти
The town was virtually empty in August.
merely
лишь, просто
I was merely trying to help.
solely
исключительно, только
The decision was made solely by the director.
invariably
неизменно, всегда
He is invariably late.
simultaneously
одновременно
The film was released simultaneously in fifty countries.
deliberately
намеренно
I think he deliberately ignored me.
inadvertently
нечаянно, ненамеренно
I inadvertently deleted the file.
relatively
относительно, сравнительно
The test was relatively easy.
considerably
значительно
Prices have risen considerably.
notably
в частности; заметно
Several countries, notably Spain and Italy, have similar laws.
namely
а именно
Two students, namely Anna and Max, got top marks.
that is to say
то есть
We leave on the 5th, that is to say next Monday.
as opposed to
в отличие от
I prefer working in the morning, as opposed to late at night.
to sum up
подводя итог
To sum up, the plan has more advantages than risks.
even so
и всё же, даже так
The hotel was expensive. Even so, it was worth it.
that said
при этом, впрочем
The job is stressful. That said, I really enjoy it.
if anything
скорее, если уж на то пошло
The situation hasn’t improved; if anything, it’s worse.
by no means
отнюдь, ни в коем случае
The problem is by no means solved.
not to mention
не говоря уже о
The flat is too small, not to mention expensive.
let alone
не говоря уже о, тем более
I can’t afford a car, let alone a house.
so as to
чтобы, для того чтобы
We left early so as to avoid the traffic.
insofar as
поскольку, насколько
The plan is useful insofar as it saves money.
whereby
посредством которого, согласно которому
They agreed a system whereby each person pays a fixed amount.
the latter
последний (из двух)
I was offered tea or coffee and chose the latter.
the former
первый (из двух)
Of the two options, the former is cheaper.
as such
как таковой, сам по себе
There is no hotel as such, just a few rooms above a café.
at the expense of
за счёт, ценой
He built his career at the expense of his health.
with a view to
с целью, с расчётом на
They bought the land with a view to building a hotel.
on behalf of
от имени
I’m writing on behalf of my client.
for the sake of
ради
They stayed together for the sake of the children.