ProstoSpeak🔥0

Слова за рівнями

B2Вище середнього

Робота і кар’єра 93Вчити

accountability
підзвітність, відповідальність
The new system brings more accountability to every department.
acquisition
придбання, поглинання (компанії)
The acquisition of the start-up cost the bank over two million euros.
merger
злиття (компаній)
After the merger, several offices were closed.
stakeholder
зацікавлена сторона
We need to consult all the stakeholders before we change the plan.
shareholder
акціонер
The shareholders voted against the proposed bonus scheme.
workforce
робоча сила, персонал
Almost half of the workforce now works from home at least twice a week.
outsource
передавати на аутсорсинг
The company decided to outsource its customer support.
appraisal
оцінювання (роботи працівника)
My annual appraisal is next week, and I’m a bit nervous.
performance review
оцінка результатів роботи
During the performance review we discussed my goals for next year.
redundancy
скорочення (штату)
Twenty people were offered voluntary redundancy.
dismiss
звільняти; відкидати
He was dismissed for repeatedly ignoring safety rules.
resignation
заява про звільнення, відставка
He handed in his resignation on Monday morning.
notice period
термін попередження про звільнення
My contract has a notice period of one month.
probation
випробувальний термін
New employees are on probation for the first three months.
headhunter
хедхантер, рекрутер
A headhunter contacted me about a position in Berlin.
recruitment
найм, підбір персоналу
Recruitment has become harder since the market got so competitive.
onboarding
адаптація нових працівників
Our onboarding includes a week of training and a personal mentor.
entrepreneur
підприємець
As a young entrepreneur, he took a lot of risks.
venture
підприємство, ризикована справа
Their first business venture failed, but the second one was a success.
revenue
дохід, виручка
Online sales now account for most of our revenue.
turnover
оборот; плинність кадрів
High staff turnover is costing the company a fortune.
overheads
накладні витрати
Working remotely helped us cut our overheads.
profit margin
норма прибутку
Profit margins in the restaurant business are often very thin.
market share
частка ринку
The brand has lost market share to cheaper competitors.
supply chain
ланцюг постачання
The storm disrupted the whole supply chain.
procurement
закупівлі
All orders over a thousand euros must go through procurement.
negotiation
переговори
After weeks of negotiation, the two sides finally signed the deal.
leverage
важіль впливу; використовувати (перевагу)
We can leverage our experience to enter new markets.
incentive
стимул
The company offers financial incentives to staff who cycle to work.
benchmark
орієнтир, еталон
These results will serve as a benchmark for future projects.
milestone
важливий етап, віха
Reaching a million users was a major milestone for the app.
deliverable
результат роботи (за планом)
The main deliverable for this month is a working prototype.
briefing
брифінг, інструктаж
The team gets a short briefing before every shift.
minutes
протокол (зустрічі)
Could you take the minutes at today’s meeting?
chair a meeting
головувати на нараді
The director will chair the meeting on Friday.
brainstorm
проводити мозковий штурм
Let’s brainstorm some names for the new product.
consensus
консенсус, згода
The team finally reached a consensus on the budget.
liaise
координувати, підтримувати зв’язок
Part of my job is to liaise with our partners abroad.
oversee
наглядати, керувати
She oversees a team of fifteen engineers.
supervise
керувати, наглядати
Students are supervised by an experienced researcher.
implement
впроваджувати, виконувати
The new policy will be implemented next year.
streamline
спрощувати, оптимізувати
We need to streamline the approval process.
prioritise
визначати пріоритети
When everything is urgent, you have to learn to prioritise.
allocate
розподіляти, виділяти
Most of the budget was allocated to marketing.
expenditure
витрати
Public expenditure on education has risen.
clause
пункт (договору)
There is a clause in the contract that forbids working for competitors.
terms and conditions
умови (договору)
Nobody reads the terms and conditions before clicking accept.
compliance
дотримання (правил, вимог)
The bank was fined for poor compliance with data rules.
liability
відповідальність (юридична); тягар
The company denied any liability for the accident.
franchise
франшиза
He bought a coffee shop franchise with his savings.
subsidiary
дочірня компанія
The firm has subsidiaries in five European countries.
corporate
корпоративний
She left her corporate job to become a teacher.
enterprise
підприємство
The programme supports small and medium-sized enterprises.
executive
керівник; виконавчий
Several senior executives attended the conference.
board of directors
рада директорів
The board of directors approved the merger.
line manager
безпосередній керівник
Talk to your line manager before booking any leave.
subordinate
підлеглий
A good boss treats subordinates with respect.
counterpart
колега (з іншої сторони), відповідник
Our finance minister met his German counterpart in Brussels.
credentials
кваліфікація, документи
Her academic credentials are impressive.
expertise
експертні знання, фаховий досвід
We need someone with expertise in tax law.
competence
компетентність
Nobody questions his competence as an engineer.
skill set
набір навичок
Your skill set is exactly what this role requires.
track record
послужний список, досвід
The agency has a proven track record in finding talent.
burnout
вигорання
Long hours without breaks often lead to burnout.
perk
пільга, бонус
Free lunches are one of the perks of working here.
get the sack
бути звільненим (розм.)
If you keep coming in late, you’ll get the sack.
climb the career ladder
підніматися кар’єрними сходами
He climbed the career ladder quickly and became a director at thirty.
call it a day
закінчити (роботу) на сьогодні
We’ve done enough for now, so let’s call it a day.
think outside the box
мислити нестандартно
To solve this problem, we’ll have to think outside the box.
back to the drawing board
почати все спочатку
The client rejected our design, so it’s back to the drawing board.
touch base
зв’язатися, звірити позиції
Let’s touch base next week to see how things are going.
get the ball rolling
почати справу
I’ll get the ball rolling by sending everyone the first draft.
cut corners
халтурити, економити на якості
If we cut corners on safety, someone could get hurt.
the bottom line
підсумок, головне
The bottom line is that we can’t afford a new office this year.
hands-on
практичний, з безпосередньою участю
She has a very hands-on approach to management.
break even
вийти на беззбитковість
The café expects to break even in its second year.
scale up
масштабувати
Once the product works, we’ll scale up production.
prospects
перспективи
The job offers good career prospects.
initiative
ініціатива
She took the initiative and organised the training herself.
asset
актив; перевага, цінність
Her language skills are a real asset to the team.
productivity
продуктивність
Shorter meetings have improved our productivity.
efficiency
ефективність
The new software has increased efficiency by twenty percent.
output
результат, продукція, виробіток
The factory’s output fell during the summer.
reshuffle
перестановка (кадрів)
There was a management reshuffle after the poor results.
headcount
чисельність персоналу
The company plans to reduce its headcount by ten percent.
shortlist
короткий список; вносити до короткого списку
Five candidates have been shortlisted for the job.
step down
піти з посади, піти у відставку
The CEO stepped down after the scandal.
draw up
складати (документ)
Our lawyer will draw up a new contract.
follow up
вжити подальших заходів, нагадати
I’ll follow up with an email after the meeting.
run something by someone
обговорити щось із кимось
Can I run a few ideas by you before the presentation?
go the extra mile
докласти додаткових зусиль
Our staff always go the extra mile for customers.
on the same page
однаково розуміти (ситуацію)
Let’s make sure we’re all on the same page before the client call.
pull your weight
робити свою частину роботи
Everyone in the team needs to pull their weight.

Гроші 52Вчити

recession
рецесія, економічний спад
Many small businesses closed during the recession.
downturn
спад
The tourism industry suffered a sharp downturn.
boom
бум, піднесення
The property boom made some people very rich.
creditor
кредитор
The company could not pay its creditors.
debtor
боржник
The bank is trying to recover money from its debtors.
bankrupt
банкрут; збанкрутілий
The airline went bankrupt after years of losses.
bankruptcy
банкрутство
The firm filed for bankruptcy in March.
investor
інвестор
Foreign investors are showing interest in the region.
portfolio
портфель (інвестиційний); портфоліо
It’s wise to have a diverse investment portfolio.
dividend
дивіденд
Shareholders will receive a dividend at the end of the year.
share price
ціна акції
The company’s share price doubled in a year.
fiscal
фіскальний, бюджетний
The government announced new fiscal measures.
taxpayer
платник податків
The new stadium was built with taxpayers’ money.
tax return
податкова декларація
I always leave my tax return until the last minute.
tax evasion
ухилення від сплати податків
The businessman was arrested for tax evasion.
deduction
відрахування; висновок
After all the deductions, my salary isn’t that high.
allowance
допомога, надбавка; норма
The baggage allowance on this flight is twenty kilos.
credit rating
кредитний рейтинг
Missing payments can damage your credit rating.
collateral
застава (за кредитом)
They used their house as collateral for the loan.
in the red
у мінусі
Our account has been in the red since the holiday.
in the black
у плюсі, прибутковий
After two difficult years, the shop is finally in the black.
tighten your belt
затягнути пасок
We’ll have to tighten our belts until I find a new job.
cost an arm and a leg
коштувати шалених грошей
Fixing the car will cost an arm and a leg.
break the bank
розорити, бути надто дорогим
A weekend in the mountains won’t break the bank.
strapped for cash
без грошей, у скруті
I’m a bit strapped for cash this month.
affluent
заможний
They live in an affluent suburb outside the city.
well-off
забезпечений
Her parents are quite well-off.
hard up
у скруті, без грошей
As students, we were always hard up.
frugal
ощадливий, скромний
My grandparents lived a frugal life and never wasted anything.
lucrative
прибутковий, вигідний
He left teaching for a more lucrative career in finance.
cost-effective
економічно вигідний
Buying in bulk is more cost-effective.
subsidy
субсидія, дотація
Farmers receive subsidies from the government.
grant
грант, субсидія; надавати
She received a research grant to study in Canada.
funding
фінансування
The project was cancelled due to a lack of funding.
fundraising
збір коштів
The school organised a fundraising event for the new library.
crowdfunding
краудфандинг
They raised the money for their film through crowdfunding.
valuation
оцінка (вартості)
The start-up has a valuation of fifty million dollars.
depreciation
знецінення, амортизація
A new car suffers rapid depreciation in its first year.
austerity
жорстка економія
Years of austerity have hit public services hard.
bailout
фінансова допомога (для порятунку)
The government approved a bailout for the struggling bank.
shortfall
нестача, дефіцит (коштів)
There is a shortfall of two million in this year’s budget.
surplus
надлишок, профіцит
The country had a trade surplus last year.
deficit
дефіцит
The government wants to reduce the budget deficit.
payroll
платіжна відомість, фонд зарплати
The company has over five hundred people on its payroll.
cash flow
грошовий потік
Late payments from clients caused cash flow problems.
audit
аудит, перевірка
The annual audit found several errors in the accounts.
embezzlement
розкрадання, привласнення коштів
The manager was charged with embezzlement.
money laundering
відмивання грошів
Banks must report any signs of money laundering.
counterfeit
підробний, фальшивий
Police found thousands of counterfeit banknotes.
daylight robbery
справжній грабіж (про ціну)
Forty euros for parking? That’s daylight robbery.
nest egg
заощадження на чорний день
They have a nice little nest egg for their retirement.
pay off
окупитися; виплатити (борг)
All that hard work finally paid off.

Суспільство і новини 99Вчити

legislation
законодавство
New legislation will protect workers who report fraud.
amendment
поправка
Parliament approved an amendment to the law.
referendum
референдум
The country will hold a referendum on the issue.
constituency
виборчий округ
She represents a rural constituency in the north.
ballot
бюлетень; голосування
Voters put their ballots into a sealed box.
turnout
явка (виборців)
Turnout was lower than in the last election.
coalition
коаліція
The two parties formed a coalition government.
sovereignty
суверенітет
The treaty respects the sovereignty of every member state.
diplomacy
дипломатія
The crisis was solved through diplomacy rather than force.
ambassador
посол
The ambassador was called back for consultations.
sanctions
санкції
New sanctions were imposed on the regime.
treaty
договір (міжнародний)
Both countries signed a peace treaty.
ceasefire
припинення вогню
The ceasefire was broken within hours.
asylum
притулок (політичний)
He applied for asylum after fleeing his country.
deportation
депортація
The court stopped his deportation at the last moment.
prejudice
упередження
Many immigrants still face prejudice at work.
diversity
різноманіття
The city is proud of its cultural diversity.
inclusion
інклюзія, залучення
The school promotes the inclusion of children with disabilities.
welfare
соціальне забезпечення, добробут
The government is planning to cut welfare spending.
homelessness
бездомність
The charity works to reduce homelessness in the city.
bribery
хабарництво
Two officials were accused of bribery.
fraud
шахрайство
Online fraud is increasing every year.
allegation
звинувачення (непідтверджене)
He denies all the allegations against him.
alleged
імовірний, нібито
The alleged thief was arrested at the airport.
defendant
підсудний, відповідач
The defendant pleaded not guilty.
plaintiff
позивач
The plaintiff is asking for compensation.
prosecution
обвинувачення (сторона); кримінальне переслідування
The prosecution presented new evidence.
prosecutor
прокурор
The prosecutor asked for a five-year sentence.
verdict
вирок, вердикт
The jury reached a verdict after two days.
acquit
виправдати
She was acquitted of all charges.
convict
засудити; засуджений
He was convicted of fraud and sent to prison.
testimony
свідчення
Her testimony helped convict the gang.
lawsuit
судовий позов
The customers filed a lawsuit against the company.
sue
подати до суду
She sued the hospital for negligence.
appeal
апеляція; звертатися із закликом
His lawyers have lodged an appeal against the decision.
jury
присяжні
The jury found him guilty.
enforce
забезпечувати виконання (закону)
The police are struggling to enforce the new speed limits.
law enforcement
правоохоронні органи
Law enforcement agencies are working together on the case.
regulation
регулювання; правило
Stricter regulations on pollution come into force next year.
red tape
бюрократія, тяганина
Starting a business here involves a lot of red tape.
the authorities
влада, органи влади
The authorities have closed the road until further notice.
municipality
муніципалітет
The municipality is responsible for waste collection.
local council
місцева рада
The local council has approved plans for a new park.
public sector
державний сектор
Public sector workers are demanding higher wages.
grassroots
низовий, народний
The campaign began as a grassroots movement.
activist
активіст
Environmental activists blocked the road.
lobby
лобіювати; лобі
Car manufacturers lobbied against the new rules.
propaganda
пропаганда
The film was pure propaganda.
censorship
цензура
Journalists protested against censorship.
freedom of speech
свобода слова
Freedom of speech is protected by the constitution.
controversy
суперечка, полеміка
The decision caused a lot of controversy.
controversial
суперечливий, дискусійний
Nuclear power remains a controversial issue.
regime
режим
The regime has been in power for thirty years.
dictatorship
диктатура
The country was a dictatorship until 1990.
authoritarian
авторитарний
Critics describe the government as increasingly authoritarian.
uprising
повстання
The uprising was quickly crushed by the army.
civil war
громадянська війна
The civil war lasted for over a decade.
reconstruction
відбудова
The reconstruction of the bridge will take two years.
casualties
жертви, втрати
There were no casualties in the explosion.
hostage
заручник
The hostages were released after a week.
national security
національна безпека
The documents were kept secret for reasons of national security.
intelligence
розвідка; інтелект
According to intelligence reports, the attack was planned months ago.
surveillance
спостереження, стеження
The suspect was under surveillance for weeks.
crime rate
рівень злочинності
The crime rate in the area has fallen.
offender
правопорушник
Young offenders are given a second chance.
rehabilitation
реабілітація
The prison focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
burglary
квартирна крадіжка, крадіжка зі зломом
There has been a rise in burglaries in our street.
custody
взяття під варту; опіка
The suspect is being held in custody.
bail
застава (судова)
He was released on bail.
public opinion
громадська думка
Public opinion has turned against the plan.
opinion poll
опитування громадської думки
The latest opinion poll shows the two parties neck and neck.
census
перепис населення
The census is carried out every ten years.
demographic
демографічний; група населення
Young voters are an important demographic.
ageing population
старіння населення
An ageing population puts pressure on health services.
urbanisation
урбанізація
Rapid urbanisation has created huge housing problems.
globalisation
глобалізація
Globalisation has changed the way we work.
infrastructure
інфраструктура
The region needs serious investment in infrastructure.
social mobility
соціальна мобільність
Good schools are key to social mobility.
working class
робітничий клас
He grew up in a working-class family.
elite
еліта; елітний
Critics say the reforms only benefit the elite.
marginalised
маргіналізований, відсунутий на узбіччя
The project helps marginalised communities find work.
non-profit
неприбутковий, некомерційний
She works for a non-profit organisation.
civil society
громадянське суспільство
A strong civil society keeps governments accountable.
mandate
мандат, повноваження
The new president has a clear mandate for change.
veto
вето; накладати вето
The president vetoed the bill.
impeachment
імпічмент
The scandal led to calls for impeachment.
summit
саміт; вершина
World leaders will meet at the summit in Geneva.
alliance
альянс, союз
The two countries formed a military alliance.
ally
союзник
The country is one of our closest allies.
polarisation
поляризація
Social media has increased political polarisation.
populism
популізм
Economic crises often fuel populism.
ideology
ідеологія
The party has moved away from its original ideology.
left-wing
лівий (у політиці)
She writes for a left-wing newspaper.
right-wing
правий (у політиці)
Right-wing parties did well in the election.
landslide victory
переконлива перемога
The party won a landslide victory.
head of state
глава держави
The king is the head of state, but he has little real power.
in power
при владі
The same party has been in power for twelve years.
come into force
набирати чинності
The new law comes into force in January.
the rule of law
верховенство права
Independent courts are essential for the rule of law.

Технології і медіа 52Вчити

algorithm
алгоритм
The algorithm decides which posts you see first.
machine learning
машинне навчання
The bank uses machine learning to detect unusual payments.
automation
автоматизація
Automation could replace many routine jobs.
cybersecurity
кібербезпека
The company has invested heavily in cybersecurity.
data breach
витік даних
The data breach exposed the details of a million customers.
encryption
шифрування
The app uses end-to-end encryption, so nobody else can read your messages.
two-factor authentication
двофакторна автентифікація
Turn on two-factor authentication to protect your account.
malware
шкідливе програмне забезпечення
The email contained malware that infected the whole network.
phishing
фішинг
Never click on links in phishing emails that ask for your password.
bandwidth
пропускна здатність; ресурс (сили, час)
I’d love to help, but I don’t have the bandwidth this week.
cloud storage
хмарне сховище
All my photos are backed up to cloud storage.
interface
інтерфейс
The new interface is much easier to use.
user-friendly
зручний для користувача
The website isn’t very user-friendly.
glitch
збій, технічна неполадка
A small glitch delayed the launch by an hour.
troubleshoot
шукати й усувати несправності
The IT team spent all morning troubleshooting the network.
obsolete
застарілий
This technology will be obsolete in a few years.
cutting-edge
передовий, новітній
The lab uses cutting-edge equipment.
breakthrough
прорив
Scientists have made a breakthrough in battery technology.
innovation
інновація, нововведення
The company is known for constant innovation.
prototype
прототип
We tested the prototype with a small group of users.
wearable
носимий пристрій; носимий
Wearables can track your heart rate and sleep.
virtual reality
віртуальна реальність
Virtual reality is used to train surgeons.
streaming
стримінг, потокове передавання
Streaming services have changed how we watch films.
clickbait
клікбейт
That headline is pure clickbait; the article says nothing new.
misinformation
дезінформація, хибна інформація
Misinformation spreads faster than the truth.
fact-check
перевіряти факти
Journalists should fact-check every claim before publishing.
echo chamber
ехокамера, інформаційна бульбашка
Social media can trap us in an echo chamber of similar opinions.
media coverage
висвітлення в ЗМІ
The protest received a lot of media coverage.
editorial
редакційна стаття; редакційний
The newspaper’s editorial criticised the government.
columnist
оглядач, колумніст
She is a columnist for a national newspaper.
correspondent
кореспондент
Our foreign correspondent reports from Kyiv.
broadcaster
мовник, телерадіокомпанія
The national broadcaster will show the match live.
press release
пресреліз
The company issued a press release about the new product.
circulation
наклад; обіг, циркуляція
The magazine has a circulation of two hundred thousand.
bias
упередженість
Some viewers accuse the channel of political bias.
whistleblower
викривач
The whistleblower revealed how the company hid its losses.
paywall
платний доступ (до контенту)
Most of their articles are now behind a paywall.
digital literacy
цифрова грамотність
Digital literacy should be taught in every school.
tech-savvy
який добре знається на техніці
My grandmother is surprisingly tech-savvy.
early adopter
ранній користувач (новинок)
Early adopters often pay more for new gadgets.
open-source
з відкритим кодом
The software is open-source, so anyone can improve it.
scroll through
гортати
I scrolled through hundreds of photos to find that one.
troll
троль; тролити
Don’t feed the trolls; just ignore their comments.
cyberbullying
кібербулінг
Schools are taking cyberbullying more seriously.
content creator
автор контенту
He gave up his job to become a full-time content creator.
monetise
монетизувати
It’s hard to monetise a small channel.
engagement
залученість (аудиторії)
Short videos get much higher engagement than long posts.
target audience
цільова аудиторія
Our target audience is people aged twenty to thirty-five.
sponsored
спонсорський, рекламний
Sponsored posts must be clearly labelled.
in the public eye
у центрі уваги громадськості
Being in the public eye can be exhausting.
hit the headlines
потрапити в заголовки
The scandal hit the headlines last week.
off the record
неофіційно, не для преси
The official told us, off the record, that the plan would fail.

Природа і погода 54Вчити

fossil fuels
викопне паливо
We need to move away from fossil fuels.
renewable energy
відновлювана енергія
Renewable energy now produces a third of the country’s electricity.
wind farm
вітрова електростанція
A new wind farm is being built off the coast.
sustainability
сталість, сталий розвиток
Sustainability is at the heart of their business model.
biodiversity
біорізноманіття
Intensive farming is a threat to biodiversity.
ecosystem
екосистема
Even small changes in temperature can damage the ecosystem.
endangered species
зникаючий вид
The tiger is an endangered species.
extinction
вимирання
Hundreds of species are on the edge of extinction.
deforestation
вирубування лісів
Deforestation in the Amazon has slowed this year.
famine
голод (масовий)
The war led to famine in several regions.
landslide
зсув ґрунту
Heavy rain caused a landslide that blocked the road.
erosion
ерозія
Trees help to prevent soil erosion.
pollutant
забруднювач
Factories released dangerous pollutants into the river.
contamination
забруднення, зараження
Tests showed contamination of the drinking water.
toxic
токсичний, отруйний
Some cleaning products contain toxic chemicals.
landfill
сміттєзвалище, полігон
Most of this plastic ends up in landfill.
compost
компост
We turn our vegetable waste into compost for the garden.
biodegradable
біорозкладний
These bags are fully biodegradable.
single-use plastic
одноразовий пластик
The EU has banned many single-use plastics.
conservation
охорона (природи), збереження
She works for a wildlife conservation charity.
nature reserve
заповідник
The lake is part of a protected nature reserve.
predator
хижак
The fox is the main predator of rabbits in this area.
prey
здобич, жертва
The eagle watched its prey from above.
migration
міграція
Bird migration starts in early autumn.
hibernate
впадати в сплячку
Bears hibernate during the winter months.
marine
морський
Marine life is threatened by plastic waste.
coastline
узбережжя
The coastline is dotted with small fishing villages.
glacier
льодовик
The glacier has shrunk dramatically in fifty years.
ice cap
льодовикова шапка
The polar ice caps are melting faster than expected.
sea level
рівень моря
Rising sea levels threaten many coastal cities.
terrain
місцевість, рельєф
The terrain is too rocky for ordinary cars.
vegetation
рослинність
The hills are covered in thick vegetation.
fertile
родючий
The valley has some of the most fertile soil in the country.
soil
ґрунт
Tomatoes grow best in rich, well-drained soil.
humidity
вологість
The humidity makes the heat feel even worse.
drizzle
мряка; мрячити
It’s only drizzling, so we don’t need an umbrella.
downpour
злива
We got caught in a sudden downpour on the way home.
overcast
похмурий, захмарений
The sky was overcast all day.
scorching
пекучий, спекотний
It was a scorching day, so we stayed in the shade.
sleet
мокрий сніг
The rain turned to sleet in the evening.
blizzard
хуртовина, буран
The blizzard closed all the roads to the village.
carbon neutral
вуглецево нейтральний
The city wants to be carbon neutral by 2040.
offset
компенсувати
Some airlines let you offset the emissions of your flight.
depletion
виснаження (ресурсів)
The depletion of fish stocks worries local fishermen.
ozone layer
озоновий шар
The ozone layer is slowly recovering.
smog
смог
On some days the smog is so thick you can’t see the mountains.
acid rain
кислотний дощ
Acid rain damaged the forests in the area.
irrigation
зрошення
Farmers depend on irrigation during the dry season.
crop
урожай, сільськогосподарська культура
Wheat is the main crop in this region.
livestock
худоба
The floods wiped out most of the village’s livestock.
pesticide
пестицид
Some pesticides are harmful to bees.
genetically modified
генетично модифікований
The sale of genetically modified food is strictly regulated.
weather the storm
перечекати бурю, вистояти
The company weathered the storm and came back stronger.
a drop in the ocean
крапля в морі
The money they raised is a drop in the ocean compared with what’s needed.

Навчання 55Вчити

hypothesis
гіпотеза
The experiment was designed to test this hypothesis.
empirical
емпіричний
There is little empirical evidence to support the theory.
methodology
методологія
The study was criticised for its weak methodology.
variable
змінна; мінливий
Age and income are the two key variables in the study.
sample
вибірка; зразок
The survey used a sample of two thousand adults.
findings
результати (дослідження)
The findings will be published next month.
peer review
рецензування
Every article goes through peer review before publication.
thesis
дисертація; теза
She is writing her thesis on climate migration.
plagiarism
плагіат
Copying from the internet without citing it is plagiarism.
citation
цитата, посилання
Make sure every citation includes the year of publication.
bibliography
бібліографія, список літератури
The bibliography lists over a hundred sources.
curriculum
навчальна програма
Coding is now part of the school curriculum.
syllabus
програма курсу
The syllabus covers modern European history.
postgraduate
аспірант, магістрант; післядипломний
She is doing a postgraduate course in law.
doctorate
докторський ступінь
He received his doctorate in chemistry at twenty-eight.
discipline
дисципліна; галузь знань
The course combines several disciplines, including biology and economics.
literacy
грамотність
Adult literacy rates have improved dramatically.
numeracy
уміння рахувати
The job requires good numeracy skills.
rote learning
механічне заучування
Rote learning won’t help you understand the grammar.
cram
зубрити
I crammed all night before the exam.
mock exam
пробний іспит
The mock exam showed me what I still need to work on.
resit
перескладання; перескладати
If you fail, you can resit the exam in August.
lifelong learning
навчання впродовж життя
The library promotes lifelong learning for all ages.
critical thinking
критичне мислення
Critical thinking helps you spot weak arguments.
evaluate
оцінювати
We need to evaluate the results before making a decision.
assess
оцінювати, визначати
Teachers assess students’ progress every term.
assessment
оцінювання, оцінка
Continuous assessment counts for half of the final grade.
interpret
інтерпретувати, тлумачити
The data can be interpreted in different ways.
deduce
робити висновок
From the evidence, we can deduce that the fire started in the kitchen.
phenomenon
явище
Northern lights are a natural phenomenon.
molecule
молекула
A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
particle
частинка
Tiny particles of dust can damage your lungs.
gravity
гравітація, тяжіння; серйозність
Gravity on the Moon is much weaker than on Earth.
evolution
еволюція
Darwin’s theory of evolution changed science forever.
genetics
генетика
Genetics plays a role in many diseases.
organism
організм
Bacteria are single-celled organisms.
chemical
хімічна речовина; хімічний
The factory stores dangerous chemicals.
compound
сполука
Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
substance
речовина
Police found an unknown substance in the bag.
trial
випробування; судовий процес
The new drug is still in trials.
observation
спостереження
Careful observation is the basis of good science.
correlation
кореляція, взаємозв’язок
There is a strong correlation between sleep and mood.
causation
причинність, причинно-наслідковий зв’язок
Remember that correlation does not prove causation.
probability
імовірність
The probability of rain tomorrow is low.
margin of error
похибка
The poll has a margin of error of three percent.
astronomy
астрономія
He became interested in astronomy as a child.
orbit
орбіта; обертатися навколо
The satellite orbits the Earth every ninety minutes.
galaxy
галактика
There are billions of stars in our galaxy.
telescope
телескоп
With a good telescope you can see Saturn’s rings.
quantum
квантовий
Quantum computers could solve problems that are impossible today.
humanities
гуманітарні науки
She studied humanities before moving into marketing.
social sciences
соціальні науки
Sociology and psychology are social sciences.
learning curve
процес освоєння, крива навчання
The software has a steep learning curve.
know something inside out
знати щось як свої п’ять пальців
After ten years in the job, she knows the system inside out.
brush up on
освіжити (знання)
I need to brush up on my German before the trip.

Люди і родина 25Вчити

peer
ровесник, одноліток; колега
Teenagers often care more about the opinions of their peers.
sibling
брат або сестра
Do you have any siblings?
spouse
чоловік або дружина, подружжя
Employees and their spouses are invited to the dinner.
offspring
нащадки, потомство
Parents want the best for their offspring.
descendant
нащадок
She is a descendant of a famous poet.
heir
спадкоємець
He is the only heir to the family business.
inheritance
спадщина, спадок
She used her inheritance to buy a flat.
adolescence
підлітковий вік
Adolescence can be a difficult time for the whole family.
foster family
прийомна сім’я
He grew up with a foster family after his parents died.
adoption
усиновлення
They decided on adoption after years of trying for a baby.
breadwinner
годувальник (сім’ї)
She became the main breadwinner when her husband lost his job.
nuclear family
нуклеарна сім’я (батьки й діти)
The traditional nuclear family is becoming less common.
role model
приклад для наслідування
Sports stars should remember that they are role models.
mentor
наставник
My first boss was also my mentor.
companion
супутник, компаньйон
Her dog has been her faithful companion for twelve years.
confidant
довірена особа
She was the king’s closest confidant.
next of kin
найближчий родич
The hospital needs the name of your next of kin.
grow apart
віддалятися одне від одного
We were close at school, but we’ve grown apart.
make up with
помиритися з
Have you made up with your sister yet?
get on like a house on fire
швидко потоваришувати, чудово ладнати
Our kids got on like a house on fire.
see eye to eye
дотримуватися однакової думки
My parents don’t always see eye to eye on politics.
blood is thicker than water
рідна кров не водиця
He chose his brother over his friends; blood is thicker than water.
the black sheep
паршива вівця, біла ворона
I was the black sheep of the family because I didn’t go to university.
the elderly
літні люди
The service provides meals for the elderly.
bachelor
холостяк; бакалавр
He remained a bachelor all his life.

Тіло і здоров’я 36Вчити

diagnosis
діагноз
The doctor wants to do more tests before making a diagnosis.
diagnose
діагностувати, ставити діагноз
She was diagnosed with diabetes last year.
prognosis
прогноз (медичний)
The prognosis is good if the treatment starts early.
chronic
хронічний
He suffers from chronic back pain.
acute
гострий
She was taken to hospital with acute stomach pain.
contagious
заразний
Stay at home; the flu is very contagious.
infectious
інфекційний
Measles is a highly infectious disease.
immune system
імунна система
Stress can weaken your immune system.
immunity
імунітет
Vaccines help the body build immunity.
antibiotic
антибіотик
Antibiotics don’t work against viruses.
dosage
дозування
Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
anaesthetic
анестетик, наркоз
The operation is done under local anaesthetic.
outbreak
спалах (хвороби)
There has been an outbreak of food poisoning at the school.
epidemic
епідемія
Obesity has been described as an epidemic.
pandemic
пандемія
The pandemic changed the way we work.
clinical trial
клінічне випробування
Volunteers are needed for a clinical trial.
therapist
психотерапевт
Talking to a therapist helped her deal with grief.
disorder
розлад
Eating disorders are more common than many people think.
insomnia
безсоння
Stress at work gave me insomnia.
fatigue
втома
Fatigue is one of the main symptoms.
malnutrition
недоїдання
Many children in the area suffer from malnutrition.
sedentary
сидячий, малорухливий
A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of heart disease.
well-being
добробут, самопочуття
Regular exercise improves mental well-being.
impairment
порушення (функції)
He has a slight hearing impairment.
wheelchair
інвалідний візок
All the trains have space for wheelchairs.
sprain
розтягнення; розтягнути
I sprained my ankle playing football.
fracture
перелом
The X-ray showed a small fracture in his wrist.
inflammation
запалення
Ice can help reduce the inflammation.
pulse
пульс
The nurse checked my pulse and blood pressure.
stroke
інсульт
Her grandfather had a stroke last year.
hygiene
гігієна
Good hygiene helps stop the spread of disease.
under the weather
нездужати
I’m feeling a bit under the weather today.
on the mend
на поправці
He was very ill, but he’s on the mend now.
as fit as a fiddle
здоровий як бик
My grandmother is ninety and as fit as a fiddle.
run-down
виснажений; занедбаний
I’ve been working too much and feel completely run-down.
kick the habit
кинути шкідливу звичку
He smoked for twenty years before he finally kicked the habit.

Почуття і характер 61Вчити

resilience
стійкість, життєстійкість
The team showed great resilience after losing the first game.
resilient
стійкий, витривалий
Children are often more resilient than we think.
empathy
емпатія, співпереживання
Good doctors combine skill with empathy.
compassion
співчуття, милосердя
She treated the refugees with great compassion.
integrity
чесність, доброчесність
He is a man of integrity who never breaks a promise.
humility
скромність, смирення
Despite her success, she speaks with real humility.
arrogance
зарозумілість, пихатість
His arrogance made him unpopular with the team.
conceited
самовдоволений
She’s talented, but not at all conceited.
assertive
наполегливий, упевнений у собі
You need to be more assertive in meetings.
outspoken
відвертий, прямолінійний
She is an outspoken critic of the government.
introvert
інтроверт
As an introvert, I need time alone after a big party.
extrovert
екстраверт
Extroverts usually enjoy working in large teams.
conscientious
сумлінний
She is a conscientious worker who never misses a deadline.
diligent
старанний, працьовитий
Diligent students usually do well in exams.
meticulous
ретельний, скрупульозний
He keeps meticulous records of every expense.
impulsive
імпульсивний
Try not to make impulsive decisions about money.
gullible
довірливий, легковірний
Scammers target gullible people online.
naive
наївний
It was naive of me to think the problem would just disappear.
cynical
цинічний
Many voters have become cynical about politics.
sceptical
скептичний
I’m sceptical about these miracle diets.
temperamental
мінливий, емоційний
The artist was famously temperamental.
hot-tempered
запальний
He’s hot-tempered, but he calms down quickly.
laid-back
невимушений, спокійний
Our new boss is very laid-back.
tactful
тактовний
Try to be tactful when you tell her about the mistake.
tactless
нетактовний
It was tactless of him to mention her age.
thick-skinned
товстошкірий, нечутливий до критики
You have to be thick-skinned to work in politics.
self-conscious
сором’язливий, ніяковий
She felt self-conscious about her accent.
insecurity
невпевненість
His jokes hide a deep insecurity.
resentment
образа, обурення
There is growing resentment among the staff.
resent
обурюватися, ображатися на
She resented being treated like a child.
hold a grudge
тримати образу, мати зуб
He still holds a grudge against me after all these years.
remorse
каяття
The driver showed no remorse for the accident.
guilt
провина, почуття провини
She felt a pang of guilt for forgetting his birthday.
nostalgia
ностальгія
Old songs fill me with nostalgia.
apprehensive
стривожений, сповнений побоювань
I was a bit apprehensive about meeting her parents.
dread
жах; боятися
I dread going back to work after the holidays.
elated
у захваті, піднесений
We were elated when we heard the news.
ecstatic
у нестямі від радості
The fans were ecstatic after the win.
devastated
спустошений, убитий горем
She was devastated when her dog died.
heartbroken
з розбитим серцем
He was heartbroken when she left.
bewildered
спантеличений, розгублений
The tourists looked bewildered by the complicated map.
indifferent
байдужий
He seems completely indifferent to what others think.
apathy
апатія, байдужість
Voter apathy is a serious problem.
gratitude
вдячність
I want to express my gratitude to everyone who helped.
contempt
зневага
She looked at him with contempt.
disgust
огида
He left the room in disgust.
admiration
захоплення
I have great admiration for nurses.
keep a straight face
зберігати серйозний вигляд
It was hard to keep a straight face when he fell off the chair.
on cloud nine
на сьомому небі
She’s been on cloud nine since she got the job.
down in the dumps
у пригніченому настрої
He’s been down in the dumps since his team lost.
have butterflies in your stomach
дуже хвилюватися
I always have butterflies in my stomach before I go on stage.
at the end of your tether
на межі терпіння
After a week without sleep, I was at the end of my tether.
a pain in the neck
морока, нестерпна людина
Filling in these forms is a pain in the neck.
open-minded
відкритий до нового, неупереджений
Travelling has made me more open-minded.
narrow-minded
обмежений, вузьколобий
It’s narrow-minded to judge people by their clothes.
strong-willed
вольовий
She’s a strong-willed woman who knows what she wants.
level-headed
розважливий, урівноважений
We need someone level-headed in a crisis.
quick-witted
кмітливий, дотепний
The host was quick-witted and kept the audience laughing.
down-to-earth
приземлений, простий
Despite being famous, he’s very down-to-earth.
manipulative
маніпулятивний
He can be very manipulative when he wants something.
willpower
сила волі
It takes a lot of willpower to stick to a diet.

Спілкування 66Вчити

articulate
чітко висловлювати; красномовний
She found it hard to articulate her feelings.
convey
передавати (думку, почуття)
The photo conveys the sadness of the moment.
clarify
уточнювати, роз’яснювати
Could you clarify what you mean by flexible hours?
elaborate
докладно пояснювати; складний
Could you elaborate on that point?
emphasise
наголошувати, підкреслювати
The doctor emphasised the importance of rest.
imply
натякати, мати на увазі
Are you implying that I’m lying?
acknowledge
визнавати; підтверджувати (отримання)
He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.
concede
визнавати (неохоче), поступатися
She finally conceded that I was right.
assert
стверджувати, обстоювати
He asserted that the money had been stolen.
contradict
суперечити, заперечувати
The two reports contradict each other.
refute
спростовувати
The company refuted all the claims.
dispute
суперечка; оскаржувати
Nobody disputes the need for reform.
reconcile
примиряти; узгоджувати
It’s hard to reconcile these two points of view.
mediate
бути посередником
A lawyer mediated between the two sides.
confide in
довіряти таємницю (комусь)
She confided in her sister about her problems at work.
banter
жартівлива балачка, підколки
There’s always friendly banter in the office.
sarcasm
сарказм
I couldn’t tell if he was being serious or if it was sarcasm.
irony
іронія
The irony is that the fire station burned down.
euphemism
евфемізм
Letting someone go is a euphemism for firing them.
jargon
жаргон, професійна лексика
The report is full of legal jargon.
colloquial
розмовний
This expression is too colloquial for a formal letter.
tone of voice
тон голосу
I didn’t like his tone of voice.
eye contact
зоровий контакт
Make eye contact with the interviewer when you answer.
misinterpret
неправильно тлумачити
My silence was misinterpreted as agreement.
miscommunication
непорозуміння (у спілкуванні)
The delay was caused by a miscommunication between teams.
blunt
різкий, прямолінійний; тупий
To be blunt, your plan won’t work.
diplomatic
дипломатичний, тактовний
She gave a very diplomatic answer.
verbal
усний, словесний
We only have a verbal agreement, nothing in writing.
non-verbal
невербальний
Non-verbal signals are just as important as words.
rhetoric
риторика
The politician’s rhetoric was full of empty promises.
anecdote
історія з життя, цікавий випадок
He began his speech with a funny anecdote.
digress
відхилятися від теми
Sorry, I’m digressing; let’s get back to the main point.
chip in
вставити слово; скинутися (грошима)
We all chipped in to buy her a present.
come across as
справляти враження
He comes across as shy, but he’s actually very confident.
get the wrong end of the stick
неправильно зрозуміти
I think you got the wrong end of the stick; I wasn’t criticising you.
beat around the bush
ходити околясом
Stop beating around the bush and tell me what happened.
get to the point
перейти до суті
I’ll get straight to the point: we need more money.
in a nutshell
коротко кажучи
In a nutshell, the project was a failure.
speak your mind
говорити відверто
She’s not afraid to speak her mind.
hold your tongue
притримати язика
I wanted to argue, but I held my tongue.
put in a good word for
замовити слово за
Could you put in a good word for me with your manager?
word of mouth
сарафанне радіо, з вуст в уста
The restaurant became popular through word of mouth.
break the ice
розтопити кригу
He told a joke to break the ice.
spill the beans
проговоритися, виказати секрет
Come on, spill the beans! Who is she?
talk someone into
умовити когось
She talked me into going skydiving.
talk someone out of
відмовити когось (від чогось)
My parents tried to talk me out of quitting my job.
play devil’s advocate
грати роль адвоката диявола
Let me play devil’s advocate for a moment: what if the plan works?
hear on the grapevine
почути з чуток
I heard on the grapevine that she’s leaving the company.
for the record
для протоколу, до відома
For the record, I never agreed to this.
off the top of my head
навскидку, з ходу
Off the top of my head, I’d say about fifty people came.
with all due respect
при всій повазі
With all due respect, I think you’re wrong.
I beg to differ
дозволю собі не погодитися
You say it’s cheap, but I beg to differ.
point taken
слушно, зрозумів
Point taken; I’ll be more careful next time.
fair enough
справедливо, гаразд
You want to leave early? Fair enough.
correspondence
листування
All correspondence should be sent to the head office.
kind regards
з повагою (у листі)
She ended the email with Kind regards and her name.
enquire
запитувати, довідуватися
I’m writing to enquire about the position advertised on your website.
enquiry
запит
We received over a hundred enquiries in the first week.
notify
повідомляти (офіційно)
Please notify us of any change of address.
consult
радитися, консультуватися
You should consult a lawyer before signing.
address an issue
розв’язувати питання, займатися проблемою
The meeting will address the issue of parking.
raise a concern
висловити занепокоєння
Several parents raised concerns about safety.
remark
зауваження; зауважувати
He made a rude remark about her hair.
overstatement
перебільшення
To call it a disaster would be an overstatement.
understatement
применшення, недомовка
Saying the film was long is an understatement; it lasted four hours.
cliché
кліше, банальність
His speech was full of clichés.

Їжа і напої 17Вчити

appetiser
закуска
We ordered olives and bread as an appetiser.
garnish
прикраса страви; прикрашати
Garnish the soup with fresh herbs.
seasoning
приправа
The dish needs more seasoning.
marinate
маринувати
Marinate the chicken overnight for the best flavour.
simmer
томити, варити на слабкому вогні
Let the sauce simmer for twenty minutes.
whisk
збивати; віничок
Whisk the eggs and sugar together.
grate
терти (на тертці)
Grate some cheese over the pasta.
nutrient
поживна речовина
Boiling vegetables for too long destroys the nutrients.
wholegrain
цільнозерновий
Wholegrain bread keeps you full for longer.
additive
харчова добавка
The label says the juice contains no additives.
savoury
солоний, пікантний (не солодкий)
I prefer savoury snacks to sweets.
succulent
соковитий
The steak was tender and succulent.
craving
сильне бажання (з’їсти щось)
I have a sudden craving for chocolate.
binge
переїдання, загул; об’їдатися
I binged on biscuits while watching the film.
a piece of cake
дуже легко, раз плюнути
The exam was a piece of cake.
not my cup of tea
не до вподоби
Opera is not really my cup of tea.
food for thought
привід для роздумів
Her talk gave us plenty of food for thought.

Дім і побут 15Вчити

utility bills
рахунки за комунальні послуги
Utility bills have gone up a lot this winter.
refurbish
оновлювати (приміщення)
The hotel was completely refurbished last year.
clutter
безлад, мотлох
I can’t work with all this clutter on my desk.
declutter
розхламлювати
I decluttered my wardrobe and gave away three bags of clothes.
cramped
тісний
Four of us lived in a cramped two-room flat.
draughty
з протягами
Old houses are often draughty in winter.
damp
сирий, вологий; вогкість
The walls in the basement are damp.
mould
цвіль
There’s mould growing in the corner of the bathroom.
plumbing
сантехніка, водопровід
The plumbing in this building is very old.
wiring
електропроводка
The electrician said the wiring needs replacing.
insulation
утеплення, ізоляція
Good insulation can cut your heating bills.
semi-detached
будинок зі спільною стіною (спарений)
We bought a semi-detached house near the school.
wear and tear
знос
The deposit doesn’t cover normal wear and tear.
make yourself at home
почувайся як удома
Come in and make yourself at home.
housewarming
новосілля
We’re having a housewarming party on Saturday.

Місто і транспорт 11Вчити

urban
міський
Urban areas are growing fast.
rural
сільський
Many young people are leaving rural areas.
congestion
затори, перевантаженість
The new tax aims to reduce congestion in the city centre.
gridlock
повний затор
The accident caused gridlock across the city.
detour
об’їзд
We had to make a detour because the bridge was closed.
skyline
силует міста
The skyline looks amazing at night.
high-rise
багатоповерхівка; висотний
They live on the twentieth floor of a high-rise.
gentrification
джентрифікація
Gentrification has pushed rents up in the old town.
urban sprawl
безконтрольне розростання міста
Urban sprawl is eating up farmland.
amenities
зручності, інфраструктура
The area has good amenities, including shops and a park.
vicinity
околиці, близькість
There are three schools in the vicinity.

Подорожі 16Вчити

layover
пересадка (тривала)
We have a five-hour layover in Istanbul.
off the beaten track
далеко від туристичних маршрутів
We stayed in a village off the beaten track.
hospitality
гостинність
We were amazed by the hospitality of the locals.
wanderlust
жага до мандрів
Her wanderlust has taken her to over forty countries.
picturesque
мальовничий
We stopped in a picturesque fishing village.
breathtaking
такий, що перехоплює подих
The view from the top was breathtaking.
secluded
відлюдний, усамітнений
We found a secluded beach with no one else on it.
overcrowded
переповнений
The museum was overcrowded with tourists.
tourist trap
пастка для туристів
That restaurant is a tourist trap; the food is awful and expensive.
embark
сідати на борт; розпочинати
Passengers can embark at noon.
disembark
висаджуватися (з судна, літака)
We disembarked in Lisbon after a long voyage.
see someone off
проводжати когось
My parents came to the station to see me off.
getaway
коротка відпустка, втеча від буднів
We’re planning a romantic weekend getaway.
travel light
подорожувати налегке
I always travel light, with just a small backpack.
hit the road
вирушати в дорогу
It’s getting late; we should hit the road.
expat
експат
There is a large community of British expats in the Algarve.

Покупки і одяг 14Вчити

warranty
гарантія
The laptop comes with a two-year warranty.
consumerism
споживацтво
The film is a critique of modern consumerism.
retailer
роздрібний продавець, ритейлер
Online retailers have taken customers away from high street shops.
wholesale
оптовий; оптом
We buy coffee wholesale for the café.
haggle
торгуватися
In the market, you’re expected to haggle over the price.
shop around
порівнювати ціни
It pays to shop around before buying insurance.
tailor-made
пошитий на замовлення; індивідуальний
The company offers tailor-made holidays.
fabric
тканина
This fabric is soft and easy to wash.
garment
предмет одягу
Each garment is made by hand.
attire
вбрання (офіц.)
Formal attire is required at the ceremony.
dress code
дрес-код
The dress code at our office is quite relaxed.
fit like a glove
сидіти як влитий
The jacket fits like a glove.
shopaholic
шопоголік
I’m a bit of a shopaholic when it comes to books.
loyalty card
картка лояльності
With a loyalty card, every tenth coffee is free.

Час і дати 18Вчити

in the short term
у короткостроковій перспективі
In the short term, prices will probably rise.
in due course
свого часу, згодом
You will be informed of the results in due course.
at short notice
терміново, у стислий термін
Sorry to cancel at such short notice.
ahead of schedule
раніше запланованого
The bridge was finished ahead of schedule.
timely
своєчасний
Thank you for your timely reply.
overdue
прострочений, запізнілий
The library books are two weeks overdue.
postpone
відкладати, переносити
The match was postponed because of the snow.
interim
тимчасовий, проміжний
She was appointed interim director.
era
епоха, ера
The smartphone marked the beginning of a new era.
in hindsight
заднім числом, оглядаючись назад
In hindsight, we should have left earlier.
once in a blue moon
дуже рідко
We only go to the cinema once in a blue moon.
around the clock
цілодобово
Doctors worked around the clock to save him.
in the nick of time
в останню мить
We got to the station in the nick of time.
make up for lost time
надолужити втрачене
After the illness, she worked hard to make up for lost time.
chronological
хронологічний
List your jobs in reverse chronological order.
in the foreseeable future
найближчим часом
Prices are unlikely to fall in the foreseeable future.
countdown
зворотний відлік
The countdown to the New Year has begun.
deadline extension
продовження терміну
I asked my tutor for a deadline extension.

Числа і кількість 29Вчити

abundance
достаток, велика кількість
The region has an abundance of fresh fruit.
scarcity
дефіцит, нестача
The scarcity of water is a serious problem here.
a fraction of
частка, дрібна частина
The flight cost a fraction of the train fare.
proportion
пропорція, частка
A large proportion of the budget goes on salaries.
ratio
співвідношення
The ratio of teachers to students is one to fifteen.
the vast majority
переважна більшість
The vast majority of people support the idea.
tally
підрахунок; збігатися
The final tally was twenty votes for and twelve against.
quota
квота
Each fishing boat has a strict quota.
threshold
поріг
Your income is below the tax threshold.
plummet
різко падати
Temperatures plummeted overnight.
soar
різко зростати; ширяти
House prices have soared in the last five years.
surge
різке зростання, сплеск
There has been a surge in demand for electric cars.
dwindle
скорочуватися, танути
Our savings dwindled while I was out of work.
fluctuate
коливатися
Prices fluctuate depending on the season.
negligible
незначний, мізерний
The difference in price is negligible.
substantial
значний, суттєвий
She received a substantial pay rise.
considerable
чималий, значний
The project took a considerable amount of time.
excessive
надмірний
Excessive drinking damages the liver.
ample
достатній, рясний
There is ample parking behind the hotel.
sparse
рідкий, мізерний
Vegetation is sparse at this altitude.
countless
незліченний
I’ve told you countless times to lock the door.
myriad
безліч
The city offers a myriad of things to do.
the bulk of
основна частина
The bulk of the work is done by volunteers.
magnitude
величина, масштаб
Nobody understood the magnitude of the problem.
dimension
вимір, розмір
Please check the dimensions of the box before ordering.
odd number
непарне число
Seven is an odd number.
even number
парне число
Houses with even numbers are on the left side of the street.
decimal
десятковий; десятковий дріб
Round the answer to two decimal places.
round up
округлювати (у більший бік)
The price was 9.97, so let’s round it up to ten.

Дозвілля і спорт 19Вчити

recreational
рекреаційний, розважальний
The park offers many recreational activities.
underdog
аутсайдер, слабша сторона
Everyone loves it when the underdog wins.
defeat
поразка; перемагати
The team suffered a heavy defeat.
endurance
витривалість
Marathon running requires great endurance.
sportsmanship
спортивний дух, чесна гра
Shaking hands after the game shows good sportsmanship.
doping
допінг
The cyclist was banned for doping.
binge-watch
дивитися запоєм
We binge-watched the whole series in one weekend.
box office
каса; касові збори
The film was a huge box office success.
sequel
продовження, сиквел
The sequel was even better than the original.
premiere
прем’єра
The stars arrived for the film’s premiere.
critically acclaimed
схвалений критиками
Her first novel was critically acclaimed.
gripping
захопливий
It’s a gripping story that keeps you guessing until the end.
plot twist
несподіваний поворот сюжету
Nobody saw the plot twist coming.
craftsmanship
майстерність
The furniture shows excellent craftsmanship.
a level playing field
рівні умови
The new rules should create a level playing field for small clubs.
the ball is in your court
тепер твоя черга діяти
I’ve made my offer; the ball is in your court now.
jump the gun
поспішати, діяти передчасно
Let’s not jump the gun; we don’t have the results yet.
on the ball
тямущий, в курсі справ
Our new assistant is really on the ball.
a whole new ball game
зовсім інша справа
Managing people is a whole new ball game.

Дієслова 142Вчити

obtain
отримувати, здобувати (офіц.)
You must obtain a visa before you travel.
assist
допомагати, сприяти (офіц.)
Our staff will be happy to assist you.
commence
розпочинати(ся) (офіц.)
The ceremony will commence at ten o’clock.
endeavour
намагатися; зусилля (офіц.)
We will endeavour to reply within 24 hours.
reside
проживати (офіц.)
He currently resides in Canada.
facilitate
сприяти, полегшувати
The new bridge will facilitate trade between the two towns.
terminate
припиняти, розривати
Either side may terminate the contract with a month’s notice.
ascertain
з’ясовувати, встановлювати
Police are trying to ascertain the cause of the fire.
comprise
складатися з, охоплювати
The course comprises ten lectures and a final exam.
constitute
становити, складати
Women constitute over half of the workforce.
exceed
перевищувати
The cost must not exceed five thousand euros.
undergo
зазнавати, проходити (через)
He underwent surgery on his knee.
undertake
братися за, здійснювати
The company undertook a major review of its services.
underestimate
недооцінювати
Never underestimate your opponent.
overlook
не помітити, пропустити; виходити на
It’s easy to overlook small mistakes. Our room overlooks the sea.
overcome
долати, подолати
She overcame her fear of flying.
outweigh
переважати
The benefits outweigh the risks.
outnumber
переважати чисельно
Women outnumber men in the teaching profession.
withstand
витримувати
The building is designed to withstand earthquakes.
withhold
приховувати, утримувати
The company withheld important information from investors.
abandon
покидати, відмовлятися від
They had to abandon the car in the snow.
abolish
скасовувати
The death penalty was abolished decades ago.
accelerate
прискорювати(ся)
The pandemic accelerated the move to online shopping.
accommodate
розміщувати; враховувати
The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.
accumulate
накопичувати(ся)
Dust accumulates quickly in this room.
adhere to
дотримуватися
All staff must adhere to the safety rules.
advocate
виступати за; прихильник
Doctors advocate a diet rich in vegetables.
alleviate
полегшувати, пом’якшувати
The medicine will alleviate the pain.
amend
вносити зміни, виправляти
The contract was amended to include a new clause.
anticipate
передбачати, очікувати
We don’t anticipate any problems.
attain
досягати
Few athletes attain such a high level.
boost
підвищувати, стимулювати
The campaign boosted sales by thirty percent.
cherish
плекати, дорожити
I cherish the memories of my childhood.
coincide
збігатися
My birthday coincides with the start of the festival.
collaborate
співпрацювати
The two universities collaborate on research.
compensate
компенсувати
The airline compensated us for the delay.
compile
складати, укладати
We compiled a list of all the complaints.
comply with
дотримуватися, виконувати (вимоги)
All products must comply with EU standards.
conceal
приховувати
She couldn’t conceal her disappointment.
condemn
засуджувати
World leaders condemned the attack.
confront
протистояти; стикатися з
We must confront the problem instead of ignoring it.
consolidate
зміцнювати, об’єднувати
The team consolidated its lead with a second goal.
contemplate
обмірковувати, розглядати
She is contemplating a move abroad.
curb
стримувати, обмежувати
The government wants to curb rising prices.
deem
вважати (офіц.)
The building was deemed unsafe.
defy
кидати виклик, не корятися
The protesters defied the ban.
deteriorate
погіршуватися
His health deteriorated rapidly.
deter
стримувати, відлякувати
High fines should deter people from parking here.
devote
присвячувати
She devoted her life to helping others.
diminish
зменшуватися, слабшати
The pain diminished after a few days.
discard
викидати, відкидати
Discard any food that smells strange.
disclose
розкривати (інформацію)
The company refused to disclose the price.
discourage
відбивати бажання, відмовляти
The rain discouraged people from going out.
disrupt
порушувати, зривати
The strike disrupted train services all week.
distort
спотворювати
The article distorted what I actually said.
divert
відволікати; перенаправляти
Our flight was diverted to another airport.
embrace
приймати (ідею); обіймати
The company embraced new technology early.
emerge
з’являтися, виникати
New problems emerged during the testing.
encounter
стикатися з; зустріч
We encountered several difficulties on the way.
endorse
схвалювати, підтримувати
The plan was endorsed by the board.
endure
витримувати, терпіти
They endured years of hardship.
enhance
покращувати, посилювати
Good lighting can enhance a room.
ensure
забезпечувати, гарантувати
Please ensure that all doors are locked.
evoke
викликати (почуття, спогади)
The smell evoked memories of my grandmother’s kitchen.
exploit
експлуатувати, використовувати
The company was accused of exploiting its workers.
flourish
процвітати, буяти
The arts flourished in the city at that time.
foster
сприяти, розвивати
The school fosters a love of reading.
hinder
заважати, перешкоджати
Bad weather hindered the rescue efforts.
impose
запроваджувати; нав’язувати
The city imposed a ban on cars in the centre.
induce
спонукати, викликати
Nothing could induce me to work there again.
integrate
інтегрувати, поєднувати
It takes time to integrate into a new culture.
intervene
втручатися
The teacher intervened to stop the fight.
jeopardise
ставити під загрозу
One mistake could jeopardise the whole project.
justify
виправдовувати, обґрунтовувати
How can you justify spending so much?
linger
затримуватися
The smell of smoke lingered for days.
mitigate
пом’якшувати, зменшувати (шкоду)
Trees help to mitigate the effects of pollution.
neglect
нехтувати, занедбувати
He neglected his health for years.
nurture
плекати, виховувати
Good teachers nurture talent.
perceive
сприймати
How do others perceive you?
persist
наполягати; зберігатися
If the symptoms persist, see a doctor.
pose
становити (загрозу); позувати
Rising sea levels pose a serious threat.
precede
передувати
A long silence preceded his answer.
prevail
переважати, перемагати
In the end, common sense prevailed.
prohibit
забороняти
Smoking is prohibited in all public buildings.
prolong
подовжувати
Regular exercise can prolong your life.
provoke
провокувати, викликати
The decision provoked angry protests.
pursue
переслідувати; прагнути до
She left her job to pursue a career in music.
reassure
заспокоювати, підбадьорювати
The doctor reassured me that it was nothing serious.
reinforce
посилювати, зміцнювати
The new evidence reinforces our theory.
render
робити (яким); надавати
The flood rendered the road unusable.
restore
відновлювати, реставрувати
Power was restored after six hours.
retain
зберігати, утримувати
The company struggles to retain good staff.
retrieve
отримувати назад, відновлювати
I managed to retrieve the deleted files.
revive
відроджувати, пожвавлювати
The festival has revived interest in folk music.
scrutinise
ретельно вивчати
The contract was scrutinised by our lawyers.
speculate
міркувати, будувати здогадки
It’s too early to speculate about the cause.
strive
прагнути, докладати зусиль
We strive to give the best service possible.
submit
подавати; підкорятися
Applications must be submitted by Friday.
succumb
піддаватися, не встояти
I succumbed to temptation and ordered dessert.
surpass
перевершувати
The results surpassed all our expectations.
sustain
підтримувати, витримувати
The economy cannot sustain this level of growth.
tackle
вирішувати, братися за
We need to tackle the problem of unemployment.
thrive
процвітати, добре розвиватися
These plants thrive in dry conditions.
trigger
спричиняти, викликати
Stress can trigger a headache.
undermine
підривати
Constant criticism undermines confidence.
uphold
підтримувати, відстоювати
The court upheld the original decision.
utilise
використовувати (офіц.)
We need to utilise our resources better.
verify
перевіряти, підтверджувати
Please verify your email address.
yield
давати (результат); поступатися
The research yielded some surprising results.
envisage
передбачати, уявляти
I don’t envisage any major changes.
refrain from
утримуватися від
Please refrain from using your phone during the show.
account for
пояснювати; становити (частку)
Tourism accounts for ten percent of the economy.
back down
відступити, поступитися
The government backed down after the protests.
bring about
спричинити, призвести до
The internet brought about huge changes in society.
do away with
позбутися, скасувати
Many shops have done away with plastic bags.
fall through
зірватися, провалитися
Our plans fell through at the last minute.
get away with
уникнути покарання
He cheated in the exam and got away with it.
get round to
дійти руки до
I finally got round to fixing the door.
go through with
довести до кінця
She was nervous, but she went through with the operation.
hold back
стримувати(ся)
She held back her tears.
iron out
залагодити, усунути (проблеми)
We still need to iron out a few details.
make out
розібрати, розгледіти
I couldn’t make out what he was saying.
opt out
відмовитися (від участі)
You can opt out of the scheme at any time.
phase out
поступово виводити з ужитку
Petrol cars will be phased out by 2035.
put forward
висувати (ідею, пропозицію)
He put forward a plan to save money.
rule out
виключати (можливість)
The police have not ruled out murder.
stem from
випливати з, походити з
Many of his problems stem from his childhood.
step up
посилювати, нарощувати
Police have stepped up patrols in the area.
take on
брати на себе; наймати
I’ve taken on too much work this month.
weigh up
зважувати (за і проти)
Weigh up the pros and cons before you decide.
wind down
розслаблятися; згортати
I like to wind down with a book before bed.
write off
списувати
The car was written off after the crash.
boil down to
зводитися до
The problem boils down to a lack of money.
crack down on
жорстко боротися з
The police are cracking down on drunk driving.
dawn on
осяяти, дійти (до когось)
It suddenly dawned on me that I had left my keys at home.
live up to
виправдовувати (очікування)
The hotel didn’t live up to our expectations.
miss out on
пропустити, втратити (можливість)
Don’t miss out on this special offer.
pin down
точно визначити; змусити визначитися
It’s hard to pin down exactly what went wrong.
play down
применшувати
The minister tried to play down the crisis.
set aside
відкладати, виділяти
I set aside some money every month.
single out
виділяти (з-поміж інших)
The teacher singled her out for praise.
take into account
брати до уваги
The price doesn’t take into account delivery costs.

Прикметники 89Вчити

adequate
належний, достатній
The room was small but adequate for our needs.
ambiguous
неоднозначний, двозначний
The instructions were ambiguous, so we did it wrong.
apparent
очевидний; удаваний
It soon became apparent that he was lying.
arbitrary
довільний, свавільний
The decision seemed completely arbitrary.
authentic
справжній, автентичний
The restaurant serves authentic Thai food.
bizarre
дивний, химерний
It was a bizarre situation that none of us understood.
coherent
послідовний, зв’язний
The government needs a coherent plan.
compelling
переконливий, захопливий
There is compelling evidence that the drug works.
comprehensive
всебічний, вичерпний
The guide gives a comprehensive overview of the city.
concise
стислий, лаконічний
Keep your answers clear and concise.
consistent
послідовний, стабільний
Her work has been consistent all year.
crucial
вирішальний, ключовий
The next few days are crucial.
cumbersome
громіздкий, незручний
The application process is cumbersome.
decent
пристойний, порядний
He earns a decent salary.
deliberate
навмисний; обдуманий
It was a deliberate attempt to mislead the public.
distinct
чіткий; відмінний
There is a distinct smell of gas in here.
diverse
різноманітний
London has a very diverse population.
dubious
сумнівний
The company has a dubious reputation.
eligible
що має право; придатний
You are eligible for a discount if you are under 26.
explicit
явний, чіткий
He gave explicit instructions not to open the door.
implicit
неявний, прихований
There was an implicit threat in his words.
feasible
здійсненний
Is it feasible to finish the project by May?
fierce
запеклий, лютий
There is fierce competition for the job.
flawed
з вадами, хибний
The study was flawed because the sample was too small.
hostile
ворожий
The crowd was hostile to the speaker.
imminent
неминучий, що насувається
The storm is imminent; stay indoors.
inevitable
неминучий, неуникний
Some mistakes are inevitable when you are learning.
immense
величезний
The project was an immense success.
inherent
притаманний, властивий
There are risks inherent in every investment.
innovative
інноваційний, новаторський
The company is known for its innovative designs.
intricate
заплутаний, складний
The carpet has an intricate pattern.
legitimate
законний, обґрунтований
That’s a legitimate question.
mandatory
обов’язковий
Wearing a helmet is mandatory on building sites.
mundane
буденний, рутинний
Most of my job involves mundane tasks.
notorious
сумнозвісний
The area is notorious for traffic jams.
obscure
маловідомий; незрозумілий
He quoted an obscure poet from the 18th century.
overwhelming
приголомшливий, переважний
The response from the public was overwhelming.
plausible
правдоподібний
His explanation sounded plausible.
pragmatic
прагматичний
We need a pragmatic solution, not a perfect one.
precise
точний
Can you give me the precise figures?
prestigious
престижний
She studied at a prestigious university.
profound
глибокий
The book had a profound effect on me.
prominent
видатний, помітний
He is a prominent member of the community.
prone to
схильний до
This area is prone to flooding.
redundant
зайвий; звільнений через скорочення
Remove any redundant words from your essay.
relentless
невпинний, нещадний
The relentless rain lasted for a week.
reluctant
неохочий, який вагається
He was reluctant to admit his mistake.
robust
міцний, надійний
We need a robust system that won’t crash.
rigorous
суворий, ретельний
All products undergo rigorous testing.
scarce
дефіцитний, рідкісний
Fresh water is scarce in the desert.
shrewd
проникливий, кмітливий
She’s a shrewd businesswoman.
sophisticated
витончений; складний
The bank uses sophisticated software to detect fraud.
spontaneous
спонтанний
The audience burst into spontaneous applause.
steep
крутий; різкий
There has been a steep rise in prices.
subtle
тонкий, ледь помітний
There’s a subtle difference between the two words.
superficial
поверховий
He only has a superficial knowledge of the subject.
tedious
нудний, виснажливий
Checking all the data was a tedious job.
tentative
попередній, обережний
We made tentative plans to meet in June.
thorough
ретельний, докладний
The police carried out a thorough search.
trivial
дріб’язковий, тривіальний
Don’t waste time on trivial details.
unprecedented
безпрецедентний
The city has seen an unprecedented rise in tourism.
valid
дійсний, обґрунтований
Your passport must be valid for six months.
viable
життєздатний, реальний
Is this a viable business plan?
vivid
яскравий
I have vivid memories of that summer.
vulnerable
вразливий
Old people are especially vulnerable in the heat.
widespread
поширений
There is widespread concern about the economy.
adverse
несприятливий, негативний
The drug has no adverse effects.
bleak
похмурий, безрадісний
The future looks bleak for the industry.
compatible
сумісний
This charger isn’t compatible with my phone.
conventional
традиційний, загальноприйнятий
Electric cars are cheaper to run than conventional ones.
crude
грубий, примітивний; сирий
It’s a crude estimate, but it gives us an idea.
detrimental
шкідливий, згубний
Lack of sleep is detrimental to your health.
drastic
радикальний, різкий
We need to take drastic action.
fragile
крихкий, тендітний
The peace between the two countries is fragile.
futile
марний
It’s futile to argue with him.
hazardous
небезпечний
The factory produces hazardous waste.
lenient
поблажливий, м’який
The judge was criticised for being too lenient.
mediocre
посередній
The food was mediocre and overpriced.
meaningful
змістовний, значущий
I want a meaningful job, not just a well-paid one.
reckless
безрозсудний, необачний
He was fined for reckless driving.
tangible
відчутний, реальний
We need tangible results, not promises.
unanimous
одностайний
The decision was unanimous.
versatile
універсальний, різнобічний
Eggs are a very versatile ingredient.
biased
упереджений
The referee was clearly biased.
far-fetched
надуманий, малоймовірний
The plot of the film is a bit far-fetched.
counterproductive
контрпродуктивний
Punishing children too harshly can be counterproductive.
groundbreaking
новаторський, проривний
Her groundbreaking research changed the field.
up-and-coming
перспективний, що набирає популярності
The festival features up-and-coming bands.
state-of-the-art
найсучасніший
The hospital has state-of-the-art equipment.

Прислівники і зв’язки 64Вчити

nevertheless
проте, тим не менш
The weather was awful; nevertheless, we enjoyed the trip.
nonetheless
все ж таки, однак
It was a difficult year. Nonetheless, sales grew.
albeit
хоча, хай і
He agreed, albeit reluctantly.
notwithstanding
незважаючи на
Notwithstanding the bad weather, the event was a success.
thereby
тим самим
He signed the contract, thereby accepting all the terms.
hence
отже, звідси
The product is handmade, hence the high price.
thus
таким чином, отже
The road was closed, and thus we were late.
accordingly
відповідно
The rules have changed, and we must act accordingly.
likewise
так само, аналогічно
I was nervous, and my colleagues felt likewise.
conversely
навпаки
Some people gain weight under stress; conversely, others lose it.
on the contrary
якраз навпаки
I’m not bored; on the contrary, I’m having a great time.
in the event of
у разі
In the event of fire, use the stairs.
given that
зважаючи на те, що
Given that it’s raining, let’s stay in.
in light of
з огляду на
In light of recent events, the concert has been cancelled.
owing to
через, унаслідок
The flight was delayed owing to fog.
on account of
через, з причини
The school was closed on account of the snow.
in terms of
з погляду, щодо
In terms of price, this is the best option.
with regard to
щодо, стосовно
I’m writing with regard to your recent order.
regarding
стосовно, щодо
Do you have any questions regarding the contract?
prior to
до, перед (офіц.)
Please check in two hours prior to departure.
subsequently
згодом, потім
He was arrested and subsequently released.
henceforth
відтепер
Henceforth, all meetings will be held online.
to some extent
певною мірою
I agree with you to some extent.
by and large
загалом
By and large, the trip was a success.
admittedly
щоправда, слід визнати
Admittedly, I should have checked first.
arguably
можливо, мабуть (можна стверджувати)
She is arguably the best player in the world.
presumably
імовірно, мабуть
Presumably, he missed the train.
supposedly
нібито
The restaurant is supposedly the best in town.
seemingly
на вигляд, здавалося б
The seemingly simple task took all day.
undoubtedly
безсумнівно
This is undoubtedly the best film of the year.
inevitably
неминуче
Inevitably, there were a few problems at the start.
ultimately
зрештою, в кінцевому підсумку
Ultimately, it’s your decision.
primarily
передусім, головним чином
The course is aimed primarily at beginners.
predominantly
переважно
The area is predominantly residential.
virtually
практично, майже
The town was virtually empty in August.
merely
лише, просто
I was merely trying to help.
solely
виключно, тільки
The decision was made solely by the director.
invariably
незмінно, завжди
He is invariably late.
simultaneously
одночасно
The film was released simultaneously in fifty countries.
deliberately
навмисно
I think he deliberately ignored me.
inadvertently
ненавмисно, ненароком
I inadvertently deleted the file.
relatively
відносно, порівняно
The test was relatively easy.
considerably
значно
Prices have risen considerably.
notably
зокрема; помітно
Several countries, notably Spain and Italy, have similar laws.
namely
а саме
Two students, namely Anna and Max, got top marks.
that is to say
тобто
We leave on the 5th, that is to say next Monday.
as opposed to
на відміну від
I prefer working in the morning, as opposed to late at night.
to sum up
підсумовуючи
To sum up, the plan has more advantages than risks.
even so
і все ж, навіть попри це
The hotel was expensive. Even so, it was worth it.
that said
утім, разом з тим
The job is stressful. That said, I really enjoy it.
if anything
скоріше, якщо вже на те пішло
The situation hasn’t improved; if anything, it’s worse.
by no means
аж ніяк
The problem is by no means solved.
not to mention
не кажучи вже про
The flat is too small, not to mention expensive.
let alone
а тим паче
I can’t afford a car, let alone a house.
so as to
щоб, для того щоб
We left early so as to avoid the traffic.
insofar as
оскільки, наскільки
The plan is useful insofar as it saves money.
whereby
за яким, згідно з яким
They agreed a system whereby each person pays a fixed amount.
the latter
останній (із двох)
I was offered tea or coffee and chose the latter.
the former
перший (із двох)
Of the two options, the former is cheaper.
as such
як такий, сам по собі
There is no hotel as such, just a few rooms above a café.
at the expense of
за рахунок, ціною
He built his career at the expense of his health.
with a view to
з метою, маючи на меті
They bought the land with a view to building a hotel.
on behalf of
від імені
I’m writing on behalf of my client.
for the sake of
заради
They stayed together for the sake of the children.